A5054441654- Climate variability and models
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Climate change and permafrost
- Remote Sensing and Land Use
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Marine and fisheries research
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Goddard Space Flight Center
2020-2025
University of Reading
2015-2024
National Centre for Earth Observation
2016-2024
Princeton University
2023
Technical University of Denmark
2021
University of Leicester
2019
University of Edinburgh
2005-2014
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2006
National Institute of Meteorology
2004
University College London
1998-2000
Observations of Earth from space have been made for over 40 years and contributed to advances in many aspects climate science. However, attempts exploit this wealth data are often hampered by a lack homogeneity continuity insufficient understanding the products their uncertainties. There is, therefore, need reassess reprocess satellite datasets maximize usefulness The European Space Agency has responded establishing Climate Change Initiative (CCI). CCI will create new records (currently) 13...
Abstract A climate data record of global sea surface temperature (SST) spanning 1981–2016 has been developed from 4 × 10 12 satellite measurements thermal infra-red radiance. The spatial area represented by pixel SST estimates is between 1 km 2 and 45 . mean density good-quality observations 13 −2 yr −1 uncertainty evaluated per datum, the median for SSTs being 0.18 K. Multi-annual observational stability relative to drifting buoy within 0.003 K zero with high confidence, despite maximal...
A new generation of integrated sea surface temperature (SST) data products are being provided by the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) High-Resolution SST Pilot Project (GHRSST-PP). These combine in near-real time various from several different satellite sensors and situ observations maintain fine spatial temporal resolution needed inputs to operational models. The practical realization such an approach is complicated characteristic differences that exist between measurements...
Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical variable for understanding, quantifying and predicting complex interactions between the ocean atmosphere. Such processes determine how heat from sun redistributed across global oceans, directly impacting large- small-scale weather climate patterns. The provision of daily maps SST operational systems, modelling broader scientific community now mature sustained service coordinated by Group High Resolution Surface Temperature (GHRSST) CEOS...
Abstract Water temperature is critical for the ecology of lakes. However, ability to predict its spatial and seasonal variation constrained by lack a thermal classification system. Here we define lake regions using objective analysis surface dynamics from satellite observations. Nine are identified that mapped robustly largely contiguously globally, even small The differed other global patterns, so provide unique information. Using model forced 21 st century climate projections, found 12%,...
Abstract A 42-year climate data record of global sea surface temperature (SST) covering 1980 to 2021 has been produced from satellite observations, with a high degree independence in situ measurements. Observations twenty infrared and two microwave radiometers are used, adjusted for their differing times day measurement avoid aliasing ensure observational stability. total 1.5 × 10 13 locations processed, yielding 1.4 12 SST observations deemed be suitable applications. The corresponding...
Diurnal warming events between 5 and 7 K, spatially coherent over large areas (∼1000 km), are observed in independent satellite measurements of ocean surface temperature. The majority the occurred extra‐tropics. Given sufficient heating (from solar radiation), location magnitude these appears to be primarily determined by large‐scale wind patterns. amplitude measured diurnal scales inversely with spatial resolution different sensors used this study. These results indicate that predictions...
Abstract. The question of how to derive and present uncertainty information in climate data records (CDRs) has received sustained attention within the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (CCI), a programme generate CDRs addressing range essential variables (ECVs) from satellite data. Here, we review nature, mathematics, practicalities, communication Earth observations. This paper argues that derived satellite-based observation (EO) should include rigorous support application...
Sea surface temperature ( SST ) datasets have been generated from satellite observations for the period 1991–2010, intended use in climate science applications. Attributes of specifically relevant to applications are: first, independence situ observations; second, effort ensure homogeneity and stability through time‐series; third, context‐specific uncertainty estimates attached each value; and, fourth, provision both skin (the fundamental measurement, air‐sea fluxes) at standard depth local...
Lake surface water temperatures (LSWTs) are sensitive to atmospheric warming and have previously been shown respond regional changes in the climate. Using a combination of situ simulated from 20 Central European lakes, with data spanning between 50 ∼100 years, we investigate long-term increase annually averaged LSWT. We demonstrate that lakes most spring experience seasonal variation LSWT trends. calculate significant during past few decades illustrate, using sequential t test analysis...
Summer lake surface water temperatures (LSWTs) have previously been shown to respond more rapidly climatic warming compared local summer air (SATs). In a global-scale analysis, we explore the factors underpinning observation of an amplified response LSWT SAT variability using 20 years satellite-derived from 144 lakes. We demonstrate that degree amplification in inter-annual is variable, and greater for cold lakes (e.g. high latitude altitude), which are characterised by short season, deep...
Abstract Quantifying global trends and variability in sea surface temperature (SST) is of fundamental importance to understanding changes the Earth’s climate. One approach observing SST via remote sensing. Here we use a 37-year gap-filled, daily-mean analysis satellite SSTs quantify trends, persistence between 1981–2018. The mean warming trend 0.09 K per decade globally, with 95% local being −0.1 + 0.35 K. Excluding perennial sea-ice regions, 0.11 decade. After removing long-term calculate...
Abstract Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) measurements from various sources illustrate that lakes are warming in response to climate change. Most previous studies of geographical distributions lake have tended utilize data with limited spatial resolution LSWTs, including single‐point time series. Spatially resolved LSWT series now available satellite observations, and some investigated previously the intralake patterns specific (e.g., North American Great Lakes). However, across‐lake...
The annual minimum of lake surface water temperature influences ecological and biogeochemical processes, but variability change in this extreme have not been investigated. Here, we analysed observational data from eight European lakes investigated the changes temperature. We found that between 1973 2014, has increased at an average rate + 0.35 °C decade−1, comparable to summer during same period (+ 0.32 decade−1). Coherent responses climatic warming are observed increase winter air...
The cover shows a cropped image of the warming stripes (seen in full below), as developed by Ed Hawkins (Reading University, UK).Each vertical line global average temperature whole year, starting at 1850 on far left and ending with 2019 right.The underlying data are from HadCRUT4.6dataset UK Met Office Hadley Centre.To create other regions countries visit https://showyourstripes.
Abstract Global surface temperature changes are a fundamental expression of climate change. Recent, much-debated variations in the observed rate change have highlighted importance uncertainty adjustments applied to sea (SST) measurements. These compensate for systematic biases and observing protocol. Better quantification their uncertainties would increase confidence estimated provide higher-quality gridded SST fields use many applications. Bias been based on either physical models processes...
Abstract Climate change, in particular the increase air temperature, has been shown to influence lake thermal dynamics, with climatic warming resulting higher surface temperatures, stronger stratification, and altered mixing regimes. Less studied is on dynamics of atmospheric stilling, decrease near‐surface wind speed observed recent decades. Here we use a model assess across Northern Hemisphere. From 1980 2016, responses have accelerated as result stilling. Lake temperatures stability...
Abstract A joint effort between the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) has been dedicated to an intercomparison study of eight global gap-free sea surface temperature (SST) products assess their accurate representation SST relevant climate analysis. In general, all show consistent spatial patterns temporal variability during overlapping time period (2003–18). The main differences each product are located in western boundary...
Abstract. Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and ocean-mass (OMB) are essential to assess reliability our knowledge change its contributors. Here we present datasets for times series SLB OMB elements developed in framework ESA's Climate Change Initiative. We use these simultaneously, utilising a consistent uncertainty characterisation. The time series, given at monthly sampling available https://doi.org/10.5285/17c2ce31784048de93996275ee976fff (Horwath et al., 2021), include mean...
Abstract A consistent dataset of lake surface water temperature, ice cover, water-leaving reflectance, level and extent is presented. The collection constitutes the Lakes Essential Climate Variable (ECV) for inland waters. data span combined satellite observations from 1992 to 2020 inclusive quantifies over 2000 relatively large lakes, which represent a small fraction number lakes worldwide but significant global freshwater surface. Visible near-infrared optical imagery, thermal imagery...