A5007477221- Climate variability and models
- Crystallization and Solubility Studies
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
- Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
- Crystallography and molecular interactions
- Magnetism in coordination complexes
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Environmental Monitoring and Data Management
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Crystal structures of chemical compounds
- Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
- Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Neural Networks and Applications
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
2016-2025
NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service
2003-2024
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2006-2024
University of Maryland, College Park
2023
Stennis Space Center
2022
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
2021
Fuzhou University
2019
Earth Resources Technology (United States)
2018
China Meteorological Administration
2018
China University of Geosciences
2018
Abstract The monthly global 2° × Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) has been revised and updated from version 4 to 5. This update incorporates a new release of ICOADS 3.0 (R3.0), decade near-surface data Argo floats, estimate centennial sea ice HadISST2. A number choices in aspects quality control, bias adjustment, interpolation have substantively revised. resulting ERSST estimates more realistic spatiotemporal variations, better representation high-latitude SSTs, ship...
Abstract The monthly Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset, available on global 2° × grids, has been revised herein to version 4 (v4) from v3b. Major revisions include updated and substantially more complete input data the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) release 2.5; empirical orthogonal teleconnections (EOTs) EOT acceptance criterion; sea surface temperature (SST) quality control procedures; SST anomaly (SSTA) evaluation methods; bias...
Abstract The NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (SST), version 2.0, dataset (DOISST v2.0) is a blend of in situ ship and buoy SSTs with satellite derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). DOISST v2.0 exhibited cold bias Indian, South Pacific, Atlantic Oceans that due to lack ingested drifting-buoy system, which resulted gradual data format change traditional alphanumeric codes (TAC) binary universal form for representation...
Much study has been devoted to the possible causes of an apparent decrease in upward trend global surface temperatures since 1998, a phenomenon that dubbed warming "hiatus." Here, we present updated temperature analysis reveals trends are higher than those reported by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, especially recent decades, and central estimate for rate during first 15 years 21st century is at least as great last half 20th century. These results do not support notion "slowdown"...
It is commonly believed that greenhouse‐gas‐induced global warming can weaken the east Asian winter monsoon but strengthen summer monsoon, because of stronger over high‐latitude land as compared to low‐latitude oceans. In this study, we show surface wind speed associated with has significantly weakened in both and recent three decades. From 1969 2000, annual mean China decreased steadily by 28%, prevalence windy days (daily > 5 m/s) 58%. The temperature trends during period have not been...
Abstract Described herein is the parametric and structural uncertainty quantification for monthly Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) version 4 (v4). A Monte Carlo ensemble approach was adopted to characterize uncertainty, because initial experiments indicate existence of significant nonlinear interactions. Globally, resulting exhibits a wider range before 1900, as well an maximum around World War II. Changes at smaller spatial scales in many regions, or important features...
Research and forecasts of the weather‐ocean‐climate system demand increasingly higher resolution forcing data. Here we assess improvement in composite global observations feasibility producing high blended sea winds. The number long‐term US surface wind speed observing satellites has increased from one July 1987 to five or more since 2000. Global 0.25° gridded, products with temporal resolutions 6‐hours, 12‐hours daily have become feasible mid 2002, 1995 January 1991, respectively (with ≥75%...
Abstract The uncertainty in Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSST) version 4 (v4) is reassessed based upon 1) reconstruction uncertainties and 2) an extended exploration of parametric uncertainties. (Ur) results from using a truncated (130) set empirical orthogonal teleconnection functions (EOTs), which yields inevitable loss information content, primarily at local level. Ur assessed 32 ensemble ERSST.v4 analyses with the spatially complete monthly Optimum Interpolation product. (Up) different...
Abstract This analysis estimates uncertainty in the NOAA global surface temperature (GST) version 5 (NOAAGlobalTemp v5) product, which consists of sea (SST) from Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSSTv5) and land air (LSAT) Global Historical Climatology Network monthly 4 (GHCNm v4). Total LSAT parametric reconstruction uncertainties. The represents dependence SST/LSAT reconstructions on selecting 28 (6) internal parameters (LSAT), is estimated by a 1000-member ensemble 1854 to 2016. residual...
Abstract The strength of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is often measured using a single, discrete value the Niño index. However, this method does not consider sea surface temperature (SST) uncertainty associated with observations and data processing. On basis Niño3.4 index its uncertainty, we find that three strongest ENSO events separable at 95% confidence level. monthly peak SST anomalies in most recent 2015–2016 tied 1997–1998 1982–1983 as strongest. negative values occur within...
Abstract Arctic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are estimated mostly from satellite ice concentration (SIC) estimates. In regions with the SST is temperature of open water or under ice. A number different proxy estimates based on SIC have been developed. recent years more quality-control buoy SSTs become available, allowing better validation and development improved Here approaches evaluated an method shown. The were tested in analysis, showed reduced bias random errors compared to SSTs....
Abstract Global surface temperature changes are a fundamental expression of climate change. Recent, much-debated variations in the observed rate change have highlighted importance uncertainty adjustments applied to sea (SST) measurements. These compensate for systematic biases and observing protocol. Better quantification their uncertainties would increase confidence estimated provide higher-quality gridded SST fields use many applications. Bias been based on either physical models processes...
Since OceanObs'09, the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) has evolved from its traditional focus on ocean's role in global climate. GOOS now also encompasses operational services and marine ecosystem health, open ocean into coastal environments where much of world's population resides. This opened a field opportunity for new collaborations—across regions, communities, technologies—facilitating enhanced engagement observing enterprise to benefit all nations. Enhancement collaboration is...
Abstract The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains an operational analysis for monitoring trends in global surface temperature. Because of limited polar coverage, the does not fully capture rapid warming Arctic over recent decades. Given impact coverage biases on trend assessments, we introduce a new that is spatially complete 1850–2018. uses air temperature data Ocean applies climate reanalysis fields spatial interpolation. Both show statistically significant...
Abstract The NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature dataset (DOISST) has recently been updated to v2.1 (January 2016–present). Its accuracy may impact the climate assessment, monitoring and prediction, environment-related applications. performance, together with those of seven other well-known sea surface temperature (SST) products, is assessed by comparison buoy Argo observations in global oceans on daily 0.25° × resolution from January 2016 June 2020. These SST products...
Abstract A joint effort between the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) has been dedicated to an intercomparison study of eight global gap-free sea surface temperature (SST) products assess their accurate representation SST relevant climate analysis. In general, all show consistent spatial patterns temporal variability during overlapping time period (2003–18). The main differences each product are located in western boundary...
Abstract NOAA’s Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (SST; ERSST) is operational global SST product based on in situ observations, which has been widely used monitoring and assessing ocean climate particularly El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. ERSSTv5 its predecessors, however, encountered two shortcomings: (1) low spatial-variabilities the data sparse regions before 1950s (2) performance scores against observations after 1970s. The first problem mitigated this Part study...
Abstract NOAA’s Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (SST; ERSST) is a monthly 2° SST product starting from 1850. Our Part I study indicated that the performance scores of spatial correlation coefficient (SCC) and root-mean-square-difference (RMSD) dropped clearly after mid-1970s in analysis ERSST with an artificial neural network (ANN) method. In this II study, we demonstrate ANN method can further be improved progressively final ERSSTv6 by following steps: 1) applying nearest...
The difficulty in effectively evaluating sea surface temperature (SST) analyses is finding independent observations, since most available observations have been used the SST analyses. In this study, ocean profile measurements [from reverse thermometer, CTD, mechanical bathythermograph (MBT), and XBT] above 5-m depth over 1950–2016 from World Ocean Database (WOD) are (data labeled pSSTW). biases of MBT XBT corrected based on currently algorithms. bias-corrected pSSTW satellite-based European...
Abstract Studies have indicated that marine heatwaves (MHWs) had severe impacts on the ecosystem in Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, but there been few studies focused MHWs Arctic. On other hand, amplified rapid warming Arctic region makes it a hotspot strategically economically worldwide. In this study, we documented average intensity of was comparable with regions global oceans. The annual intensity, frequency, duration, areal coverage increased significantly recent decades. increase...
Abstract NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) and other similar sea surface temperature (SST) products indicate that the globally averaged SST set a new daily record in March 2023. The record‐high was immediately broken April, records were again July August anomaly (SSTA) persisted at high from mid‐March to remainder of Our analysis indicates SSTs, associated marine heatwaves (MHWs) even super‐MHWs, are attributed three factors: (a) long‐term warming trend, (b)...
The latest version of NOAA’s Global Surface Temperature Dataset improves coverage over land and sea the treatment historical changes in observational practices.
An unusual "triple-dip" La Niña, described in Sidebar 3.1, had continuing, wide-spread ramifications for the state of ocean and climate 2022.Triple-dip Niñas are not unprecedented, but until now have always followed an extreme El Niño.Anomalously low sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) eastern tropical Pacific persisted from August 2020 through December 2022, with only a brief intermission May-July 2021.Strengthened easterly trade winds drove anomalously strong westward surface currents brought...
Abstract Seawind is essential in studying extreme weather and climate events globally over the oceans. It has significant impacts through air–sea interactions, upper ocean mixing, energy flux generation. The sea surface wind also a critical element blue economy strategic planning, offshore renewable energy, marine transportation, ecosystem, fisheries. As per Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) working group report, there low confidence level trends due to insufficient evidence....