More than a century-old gasoline internal combustion engine is major contributor to greenhouse gases. Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential achieve eco-friendly transportation. However, limitation in achieving this vision battery technology. It suffers from drawbacks such as high cost, rare material, low energy density, and large weight. The problems related technology can be addressed by dynamically charging EV while on move. In-motion reduce storage requirement, which could...

Land vehicles need their drivetrain to operate entirely in constant power order meet operational constraints, such as initial acceleration and gradability, with minimum rating. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is inappropriate for producing this torque-speed profile. Therefore, multiple gear transmission necessary the ICE a vehicle. Some electric machines, if designed controlled appropriately, are capable of an extended range. purpose paper investigate capabilities switched reluctance...

Selection of the proper electric traction drive is an important step in design and performance optimization electrified powertrains. Due to use high energy magnets, permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have been primary choice motor market. However, manufacturers are very interested find a magnet-free alternative as fallback option due unstable cost rare-earth metals fault tolerance issues related constant excitation. In this paper, new comprehensive review (EMs) that includes...

This article is an overview of fast charging for electrical vehicles. Specifically, it analyzes the impact ultrafast stations (UFCSs) on distribution grid and their role in smart grids. Moreover, this defines framework UFC, its diffusion, associated new trends. The most frequently used converters conversion stages dc with integrated generation are analyzed. To achieve goal four active front-end ac–dc (unidirectional bidirectional), three isolated dc–dc two control architectures explored. In...

Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are considered as serious candidates for starter/alternator (S/A) systems in more electric cars. Robust performance the presence of high temperature, safe operation, offering efficiency, and a very long constant power region, along with rugged structure contribute to their suitability this impact application. To enhance these qualities, we have developed key technologies including sensorless operation over entire speed range closed-loop torque regulation....

The continuous effort to improve efficiency, reduce particle, and greenhouse gase emissions leads the emergence of concept "more electric." This helps boost performance as well flexibility domestic vehicular applications; however, on other hand, it excessively burdens current power networks (including vehicle systems). In order remedy this problem, simultaneous usage renewable sources energy storages is encouraged. A multiconverter system commonly adopted process in form distributed...

Fuel cells (FCs) are being considered as a potential alternative in long term to replace diesel/gasoline combustion engines vehicles and emergency power sources. However, high cost slow dynamic response of FC still persist the main hurdles for wider applications. To remedy this problem, an energy storage system with adequate capacity has be incorporated. This paper presents novel control design FC-battery hybrid which enables both active current sharing source management such systems....

Switched reluctance machines (SRM) offer attractive attributes for automotive applications. These include robustness to harsh operational conditions, rugged structure, fault resilient performance, and a wide range of speed. The main debate over the adequacy switched drives in applications has often focused on efficiency position sensorless control entire speed range, adaptation algorithms presence parameter variations, high levels acoustic noise vibration. present paper demonstrates three...

Power-electronics-based zonal direct current (dc) power distribution systems are being considered for sea and undersea vehicles. The stability of the dc power-electronics-based is a significant design consideration because potential negative-impedance-induced instabilities. In this paper, dynamic properties control buck converter feeding downstream dc-dc studied. controller in system combines an instantaneous feedback loop using hysteresis with proportional-integral (PI) algorithm to...

In this paper, a new switched reluctance machine with double-stator configuration (DSSRM) is introduced. The proposed design based on optimization of the motional forces, which leads to high-grade electromechanical energy conversion process. A local examination force densities within and throughout conventional (SRM) shows that majority produced in radial direction does not contribute motion. If normal forces happen be motion, larger profile for SRM yield. Based these guidelines, proposed....

Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are widely used in industrial applications. Partial demagnetization and static eccentricity among common faults PMSM. These will alter the acoustic behavior torque pulsation by a significant margin. In this paper, results of thorough investigation on impact these force distribution, vibration, PMSM is presented. Our analysis based field reconstruction method which very efficient technique for multi-physics problems electromechanical energy converters.

This paper aims to describe a numerical modeling process for estimating the electromagnetic noise radiated from permanent magnet synchronous machines. The original contributions concern inclusion of complete evaluation forces acting on stator teeth, 3-D structural finite-element model and point wise approximation acoustic calculation. Structural responses targeted machine have been derived validated using experiments. Superior precision proposed method has substantiated through

This paper introduces a distributed economic dispatch strategy for microgrids with multiple energy storage systems. overcomes the challenges of dynamic couplings among all decision variables and stochastic in centralized dispatching formulation. The proposed can be implemented microgrid central controller as problems simplified decomposed formulations. It also local controllers managed by controller. Numerical studies experimental results illustrate effectiveness

This article has given a significant number of examples contemporary control techniques for EDs. Of course, many more special machines or specific applications can be investigated as well. However, with IMs, PMSMs, SRMs, and hydrogenerators, the most current industrial have been addressed. Most presented are not yet fully used in industry still under evaluation before diffusion at large scale industry. Therefore, techniques, such FTC schemes, investigation reliability requirements. Even if...

In this paper, thermal modeling and analysis of a 10 kW double-stator switched reluctance machine (DSSRM) is presented. Thermal management an essential step the design, since overheated windings cores might destroy insulation lead to failure machine. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element method (FEM) has been used numerically calculate temperature distribution in different parts Furthermore, include use water as coolant, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) utilized. performance prototype...

This paper covers the range of topics related to sensorless control switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives from their fundamentals limitations and state art future trends. should help reader develop a systematic understanding techniques that have been developed over past two decades. The inherent vulnerability mechanical failures, extra cost, size associated with external position sensors such as optical encoders, resolvers, custom-designed Hall-effect has motivated many researchers for SRM...

Vibration caused by torque ripple and radial force harmonics is a concern in many applications of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Alternative methods machine design and/or stator excitation to minimize have received considerable attention recent years. Comparatively, less attention. In this paper, field reconstruction (FR) method derived that provides designer with the capability rapidly determine tangential components under arbitrary excitation. Using method, current...

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit high levels of energy and power density among electrochemical batteries. These attributes make them suitable as the storage system in electric, hybrid electric vehicle, plug-in vehicles (EV/HEV/PHEV). One important requirements automotive is to monitor their real time state-of-charge (SOC) state-of-health (SOH). Open circuit voltage, one parameter used for predicting SOC battery, not readily available during charge discharge cycles. In this paper a new method...

In order to accommodate increasing energy demand from "more electrified" domestic and vehicular applications, simultaneous use of various renewable sources are encouraged. Multiple converters commonly adopted process the power as a distributed system (DPS). However, due loose structure DPS, reliability load/source regulation will degrade compared an integrated converter system. This paper presents concept Multi-port Power Electronic Interface (MPEI) for sources. With unified topology highly...

Vibration and acoustic noises are viewed as a drawback in switched reluctance machines (SRMs), which prohibit their widespread use noise sensitive applications. Double-stator SRMs (DSSRMs) can be considered solution to this problem by incorporating an improved magnetic configuration, reduces the radial forces machine. This paper compares structural behavior of DSSRM conventional SRM using multi-physic analysis. An electromagnetic finite-element (FE) method is used calculate force density at...

The main objective of this paper is to provide an efficient computational model for fast and accurate calculation electromagnetically induced vibrations in electrical machines. Although a three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machine has been used paper, the same methodology can be extended other types electric machinery. A brief comparison between different methods structural analysis machines introduced. method proposed uses finite-element order extract impulse responses that are...

Prediction of acoustic noise distribution generated by electric machines has become an integral part design and control in sensitive applications. This paper presents a fast precise imaging technique for switched reluctance (SRMs). method is based on radial vibration the stator frame SRM. Radial frame, at network probing points, computed using input phase current voltage waveforms. Sequentially, acceleration will be expanded to predict full surface, which emission caused can calculated...

Interests in using rare-earth free motors such as switched reluctance (SRMs) for electric and hybrid vehicles continue to gain popularity, owing their low cost robustness. Optimal design of an SRM, meet specific characteristics application, should involve simultaneous optimization the motor geometry control order achieve highest performance with lowest cost. This paper presents a constrained multiobjective framework SRM based on nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. The proposed...

Interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) have been widely used due to their high-efficiency and high-power densities. Minimization of torque pulsation resulting in vibration acoustic noise is one the important design considerations for IPMSMs. In this paper, a grid on/off search method rotor profile proposed mitigate pulsation. Selection fact that air gap most sensitive parameter electric machines wherein changes flux densities can cause substantial differences distribution...

Solid-state thermoelastic behavior—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change and phase transition in solid-state compound—is rare organic crystals, few are reversible systems, most these limited to dozen so cycles before the crystal degrades they reverse slowly over course many minutes even hours. Comparable thermosalience, wherein changes induce energetic jumping, thermomorphism produces work via consistent near-instantaneous predictable...