The Global Precipitation Chemistry Project collects precipitation by event to determine composition and processes controlling it in five remote areas. Compositions (excluding sea‐salt) at St. Georges, Bermuda, were primarily controlled anthropogenic processes; compositions acidities San Carlos, Venezuela, Katherine, Australia, Poker Flat, Alaska, Amsterdam Island unknown mixtures of natural or processes. was acidic; average volume‐weighted pH values 4.8 for Bermuda; 5.0, Alaska; 4.9, Island;...

More than a century-old gasoline internal combustion engine is major contributor to greenhouse gases. Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential achieve eco-friendly transportation. However, limitation in achieving this vision battery technology. It suffers from drawbacks such as high cost, rare material, low energy density, and large weight. The problems related technology can be addressed by dynamically charging EV while on move. In-motion reduce storage requirement, which could...

Electric traction is one of the most promising technologies that can lead to significant improvements in vehicle performance, energy utilization efficiency, and polluting emissions. Among several technologies, hybrid electric (HEV) technology has advantages high fuel low emissions, long operating range. Moreover, all component hardware are technically markedly available. At present, almost major automotive manufacturers developing vehicles, some them have marketed their productions, such as...

Various noncontacting methods of plug-in electric vehicle charging are either under development or now deployed as aftermarket options in the light-duty automotive market. Wireless power transfer (WPT) is accepted term for wireless and used synonymously inductive magnetic resonance coupling. WPT technology its infancy; standardization lacking, especially on interoperability, center frequency selection, fringe field suppression, employed flow regulation. This paper proposes a new analysis...

There is now significant interest in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems globally. Economics play a major role as evidenced by oil prices North America pressing upwards of $100/Bbl coupled with customer preference for full size crossover and sport utility vehicles. The situation Oceania milder, but emerging markets such China are experiencing automotive sector growth rates 37%/year. Europe remains least affected hybrids since nearly 47% all new vehicles sold diesel fueled have...

As visionary as dynamic, or in-motion, wireless charging of electric vehicles appears the concept is well over a century old this paper will show. This because magnetic induction dates back to pioneering work physicist Michael Faraday in early 19th century. Today power transfer (WPT) being standardized for stationary and quasi-stationary (EV). The Society Automotive Engineers (SAE) has undertaken standardization make public during 2016. In addition IEEE-SA (Standards Activities) initiated...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation and Identification of Some Terpenes by New Chromatographic TechniqueJ. G. Kirchner, J. M. Miller, KellerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 3, 420–425Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60051a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60051a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views957Altmetric-Citations239LEARN...

The wireless charging of an electric vehicle (EV) while it is in motion presents challenges terms low-latency communications for roadway coil excitation sequencing and maintenance lateral alignment, plus the need power-flow smoothing. This article summarizes experimental results on power smoothing in-motion EV performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using various combinations electrochemical capacitors grid side vehicle. Electrochemical symmetric carbon-carbon type from Maxwell...

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a convenient, safe, and autonomous means for electric plug-in hybrid vehicle charging that has seen rapid growth in recent years stationary applications. WPT does not require bulky contacts, plugs, wires, affected by dirt or weather conditions, as efficient conventional systems. When applied in-motion, additionally relives range anxiety, adds further convenience, reduces battery size, may help increase the life through charge sustaining approach. This study...

This article is an overview of fast charging for electrical vehicles. Specifically, it analyzes the impact ultrafast stations (UFCSs) on distribution grid and their role in smart grids. Moreover, this defines framework UFC, its diffusion, associated new trends. The most frequently used converters conversion stages dc with integrated generation are analyzed. To achieve goal four active front-end ac–dc (unidirectional bidirectional), three isolated dc–dc two control architectures explored. In...

Demands for better fuel economy and more electric power are driving cars to multiple higher voltages. In the next 10 years electrical systems in some luxury automobiles will be so changed as almost unrecognizable. Although they doubtless employ old reliable 12 V lead-acid battery, their loads driven by a variety of voltages, both AC DC, perhaps derived from single distribution network. Designers able match voltages individual best efficiency performance-lights at 6 AC, electronics 5 active...

In this study seven dust intrusion events were identified and analyzed in the central eastern part of Mediterranean Sea beginning August 1988 ending September 1989. order to locate their sources, characterize mode, determine atmospheric transport levels, airflow back trajectories calculated using Branching Atmospheric Trajectory (BAT) model for two layers (300–2000 1500–3000 m) conjunction with synoptic situations prevailing during these outbreak events. Aerosol mass loading horizontal...

Wet‐only rain samples were collected and chemically analyzed during 1980–1984 at Katherine, Australia, as part of the Global Precipitation Chemistry Project. Rainfall averaged 104 cm/yr ranged from 74.6 cm in 1982–1983 to 135.7 1983–1984. Total cation concentration was about 29 μeq/L. The volume‐weighted mean H + expressed p 4.73, 64% free acidity due organic acids (formic acetic). strong mineral only 5.08. Air mass trajectories wet season predominantly northeast (51%), this trajectory most...

Abstract Using detailed petrographic analysis and a new method of handling similarity coefficients, samples from over 30 Mid‐Dinantian (Upper Tournaisian‐Lower Viséan) carbonate buildups Europe North America are compared with the Waulsortian facies Belgium. The same component types present they bear very similar relationships to. one another. This is significant because assemblages components in Belgium have recently been interpreted terms water depth (Lees et al. 1985). Four Phases...

Scaling wireless charging to power levels suitable for heavy duty passenger vehicles and mass transit bus requires indepth assessment of transfer (WPT) architectures, component sizing stress, package size, electrical insulation requirements, parasitic loss elements, cost minimization. It is demonstrated through an architecture comparison that the voltage rating inverter semiconductors will be higher inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) than a more conventional Series-Parallel (S-P) tuning....

Abstract The generation of the Earth's continental crust modified composition mantle and provided a stable, buoyant reservoir capable capturing material ultimately preserving ore deposits. Within crust, lithospheric architecture associated cratonic margins are first-order control on camp-scale mineralization. Here we show that evolving crustal Archaean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, played key role in controlling localization gold, iron nickel mineralized systems. age source...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPREPARATION OF TERPENELESS ESSENTIAL OILS. A CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCESSJ. G. Kirchner and John M. MillerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 2, 318–321Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50506a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50506a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT...

Синтез алгоритма векторной широтно-импульсной модуляции в девятифазном активном выпрямителе напряжения

This paper presents the experimental results of using induction and variable reluctance machines as starter-alternator in a hybrid electric vehicle. The frame sizes these are dictated by transient engine cranking loads. Therefore, their design, assumed to be deep magnetic saturation resultant thermally constrained loadings predicted from calculated electromagnetic air gap surface traction. design approach machine performance predictions close agreement with prototype measured for machine....