Abstract The phytohormones jasmonic acid ( JA ) and salicylic SA mediate induced plant defences the corresponding pathways interact in a complex manner as has been shown on transcript proteine level. Downstream, metabolic changes are important for plant–herbivore interactions. This study investigated leaf tissue phloem exudates of P lantago lanceolata after single combined applications well consequences chewing‐biting H eliothis virescens piercing‐sucking M yzus persicae herbivores. Targeted...

Summary Phloem sap quality can differ between and within plants, affect the performance of aphids. In turn, aphid infestation may change chemical composition nutritional value phloem sap. However, effects different species on overall distinct parts plant individuals in relation to remain unclear. To test specificity responses aphids, we used two chemotypes Tanacetum vulgare plants placed monophagous aphids Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria Uroleucon tanaceti (stems close inflorescence, young old...

Abstract Intraspecific plant chemodiversity shapes plant-environment interactions. Within species, chemotypes can be defined according to variation in dominant specialised metabolites belonging certain classes. Different ecological functions could assigned these distinct chemotypes. However, the roles of other metabolic and parental origin (or genotype) remain poorly explored. Here, we first compared capacity terpenoid profiles fingerprints distinguish five common tansy ( Tanacetum vulgare )...

Abstract The intensity and frequency of precipitation events are predicted to change over the coming decades. For many areas, longer periods without rainfall expected. We investigated importance irrigation under water deficit conditions for growth, physiology chemistry wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Drought-stressed plants received 40% provided control were either watered every other day (continuous drought, cd) or eight days (pulsed pd). Maximum quantum yield photosystem II (F v /F m ),...

In arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, the plant delivers photoassimilates to fungus (AMF), whereas mycosymbiont contributes, in addition other beneficial effects, phosphate (PO4(3-)) uptake from soil. Thereby, additional fungal carbon (C) sink strength roots and improved PO4(3-) nutrition may influence aboveground traits. We investigated how foliar metabolome of Plantago major is affected along with development root symbiosis, whether photosynthetic performance by AM, these effects are...

Future shifts in precipitation regimes and temperature are expected to affect plant traits dramatically. To date, many studies have explored the effects of acute stresses, but few investigated consequences prolonged climatic conditions on growth chemistry.

Abstract The impacts of climate change on worldwide crop production become increasingly severe. Thus, sustainable enhancements agricultural are needed. present study investigated the effects drought and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum ) their interaction with aphids. Considering predicted scenarios, were exposed to well‐watered conditions, continuous (CD), or pulsed (PD) grown without (NM) (AM) fungi. Ear biomass harvest index evaluated when grains produced....

With climate change, longer periods without precipitation but also heavy rains will become more frequent. Thus, understanding and predicting the implications of drought-waterlogging-redrying cycles for plants is essential. We examined effects such events on wheat (Triticum aestivum). measured impacts subsequent water treatments (drought-waterlogging-redrying) plant shoot root biomass, photosynthesis transpiration, as well primary metabolites transcripts leaves. Drought drought followed by...

Abstract Microbes associated with flowers and leaves affect plant health fitness modify the chemical phenotypes of plants consequences for interactions their environment. However, drivers bacterial communities colonizing above‐ground parts grassland in field remain largely unknown. We therefore examined relationships between phytochemistry epiphytic community composition Ranunculus acris Trifolium pratense . On 252 individuals, we characterized primary specialized metabolites, that is,...

Abstract The ecological niche of aphids is largely defined by the phloem sap plants, which they consume. Previous studies revealed that may change metabolome and a previous aphid infestation benefit them. As reproduce parthenogenetically, performance preference same monoclonal lineage can be compared between previously uninfested aphid‐infested plants. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) leaves were infested clonal lineages Sitobion avenae for 9–10 days. Leaf exudates analysed using amino acid...

Abstract Microspore culture was employed to measure the relative efficiencies of anther and isolated microspore for regeneration embryoids plants Brassica napus. The yield at least 10‐fold greater from microspores than cultures. Approximately 1400 microspore‐derived homozygous line's, parental varieties corresponding F 2 were grown in a field trial. Important agricultural characteristics, such as morphological homogeneity, growth rate, onset flowering seed setting evaluated subjectively...

Abstract Inbreeding and herbivory can interactively reduce the performance of flowering plants. Here, we investigated whether magnitude plant inbreeding depression increases under as a result diminished leaf metabolic responses to in inbreds, which entails increased herbivore growth feeding damage. We additionally explored genetic differentiation among native invasive populations impacts direction these × interactions. Inbred outbred plants from eight European (native) North American...

The interactions of crops with root-colonizing endophytic microorganisms are highly relevant to agriculture, because endophytes can modify plant resistance pests and increase crop yields. We investigated the between host Zea mays fungus Trichoderma virens at 5 days postinoculation grown in a hydroponic system. Wild-type T. two knockout mutants, deletion genes tv2og1 or vir4 involved specialized metabolism, were analyzed. Root colonization by fungal mutants was lower than that wild type. All...

Alterations in the frequency and intensity of drought events are expected due to climate change might have consequences for plant metabolism development antagonists. In this study, responses spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) one its major pests, aphid Sitobion avenae , different regimes were investigated, considering time points parts. Plants kept well-watered or subjected either continuous pulsed drought. Phloem exudates collected twice from leaves once ears during growth period...

Abstract In the course of climate change, crop plants are exposed to both altered precipitation volumes and frequencies in many cultivation areas. Reduced water availability longer periods without can lead changes plant physiology productivity. this greenhouse study, we investigated physiological responses, including maximum quantum yield photosystem II (F v /F m ) use efficiency (WUE) as well diverse productivity‐related parameters, grain per plant, continuous (irrigated three times a week)...

Plants show an extraordinary diversity in chemical composition and are characterized by different functional traits. However, relationships between the foliar primary specialized metabolism terms of metabolite numbers as well links with leaf economics spectrum have rarely been explored. We investigated these leaves 20 woody species from Mediterranean region grown saplings a common garden, using comparative ecometabolomics approach that included (semi-)polar metabolites. Our analyses revealed...

Abstract Brassicaceae plants contain glucosinolates, which are hydrolysed by myrosinases to toxic products such as isothiocyanates and nitriles, acting defences. Herbivores have evolved various detoxification strategies, reviewed here. Larvae of Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) metabolise hydrolysis benzenic glucosinolates conjugation with aspartic acid. In this study, we investigated whether P. uses the same metabolic pathway for structurally different metabolism differs...

Abstract Flavonoids are specialized metabolites that play important roles in plants, including interactions with the environment. The high structural diversity of this metabolite group is largely due to enzyme-mediated modifications flavonoid core skeletons. In particular, glycosylation different sugars very common. study, functions Arabidopsis thaliana glycoside hydrolase family 1-type glycosyltransferase proteins BGLU1, BGLU3 and BGLU4 were investigated, using a reverse genetics approach...