This article describes a prospective longitudinal study of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children, designed to determine their natural history VZV infection and possible effects on the progression HIV infection. Varicella was usually not serious acute problem, it did seem precede clinical deterioration. The rate zoster high: 70% children with low levels CD4/ lymphocytes at time development varicella. It is predicted that immunization live...

PURPOSE: To evaluate proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to establish an age-dependent spectroscopic database of normal basal ganglia children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen healthy 45 AIDS underwent both brain MR imaging single-voxel a long-echo-time point-resolved technique. A large part region interest studied at included ganglia. RESULTS: Seven patients progressive encephalopathy eight static had significantly...

Immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients may result from the recovery of thymus function, peripheral redistribution, or decreased T cell destruction. This study investigated levels receptor gene rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) as a measure recent thymic emigrant cells blood lymphocytes 50 HIV-infected infants and children who were followed-up for 40 months start change therapy. At baseline, exhibited fewer TRECs than...

Reagents are now available which allow simultaneous assessment of three different fluorescence wavelengths on most commercially flow cytometers. Such three-color analyses provide more information than single- or dual-color analyses. The present study was undertaken in order to establish age-related differences lymphocyte subpopulations by simultaneously measuring surface antigens newborns, children, and adults. A whole blood method used label cells with antibodies conjugated FITC, PE, perCP....

Three human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)exposed children who had repeatedly positive DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for HIV in ≥:5 samples before seroreversion to HIV-negative status are reported. The belong a cohort of 210 infants were born HIV-infected mothers and tested at intervals 3 months by viral culture, PCR, p24 antigen; only the PCR was ≥5 reported here. Their clinical features indistinguishable from other seroreverters. All three transient drop CD4:CD8 ratio...

ABSTRACT Emtricitabine (FTC; Emtriva), a potent deoxycytidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In adults, FTC demonstrated linear kinetics over wide dose range, 200 mg once day (QD) is recommended therapeutic dose. A phase I open-label trial was conducted in children to identify an dosing regimen that would provide comparable plasma exposure observed...

BAKSHI, SAROJ S. MD; MILLER, TIM C. KAPLAN, MARK HAMMERSCHLAG, MARGARET R. PRINCE, ALICE GERSHON, ANNE A. MD Author Information

To evaluate whether frank or subtle disorders of adrenal steroidogenesis exist in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, the steroid response to an iv bolus ACTH-(1-24) (0.25 mg Cortrosyn) was determined. Ten children (six males and four females, aged 7 months 7.5 yr) were studied. Five underwent repeat testing 3-5 after initial assessment. Nine patients classified as P2 symptomatic according Center for Disease Control criteria HIV infection children. Eight had failure thrive,...

Abstract CD8 T cells are important mediators of cellular immune responses as evidenced by clonal expansions in the TCR Vβ repertoire during primary HIV infection adults. This study investigated complementarity-determining region 3 length analysis using multiplex PCR purified peripheral blood 22 HIV-infected children (age range was 0.75–15 yr, mean 8.2 ± 4.1 yr). Evidence dominance one or more families obtained 15 children. The patterns were designated major, minor, single, and none to...

A double-blind phase II trial compared zalcitabine (0.03 mg/kg/day) in combination with zidovudine (720 mg/m2/day) and monotherapy 250 clinically stable, previously zidovudine-treated, human immunodeficiency virus—infected children. The was well-tolerated except for an increased incidence of neutropenia (14%) that children receiving (5%). No differences were noted time to first AIDS-defining illness or death, neuropsychologic status, weight Z scores. In patients the arm, CD4 cell count...

To determine differential patterns of brain atrophy in pediatric AIDS encephalopathy.We measured the bicaudate, bifrontal, and ventricle-brain ratio magnetic resonance imaging scans 42 control children, nine children with progressive encephalopathy, 25 without 23 cerebral other causes.When compared controls, encephalopathy patients showed significantly increased bicaudate ratios, but no significant increase bifrontal ratio, whereas from causes than increases all three ratios.Children...

Accurate and timely diagnosis of infection status in infants born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is paramount importance. The comparative accuracy five diagnostic decision rules was evaluated 208 HIV-exposed (32 infected, 176 uninfected) based on laboratory testing during the first 6 months life. Diagnostic A B, which required single blood samples analyzed by culture polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (rule A) or culture, PCR, p24 antigen detection B) were more prone...

To study the epidemiologic and clinical features of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children their families. PATIENTS AND CLINICAL SETTING: Sixty families HIV infection, indeterminate status, seroreverters underwent follow-up a comprehensive multidisciplinary program for families.Infection M was diagnosed based on positive Mantoux test result or culture.Mycobacterium seven (three infected HIV, three seroreverters, one uninfected...

In vitro anti-HIV antibody production (IVAP), initially introduced as a method for diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in infants, has been limited its application because poor specificity and sensitivity early life. The aims this study were to improve the IVAP assay evaluate conjunction with assays HIV culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), p24 antigen. To prevent false-positive reactions resulting from maternal serum-derived cytophilic IgG, additional...

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship plasma HIV RNA load with survival and disease progression in HIV-infected children determine its correlation cellular DNA. Virus (VL, copies/ml) determined retrospectively by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay 144 stored samples between birth 48 months 50 whom 40 are alive (age range, 2–13 years). On basis clinical immunologic status were classified as rapid progressors (RPs), or nonrapid (NRPs). Proviral...

A reversible syndrome of headache, altered mental status, seizures, and cerebral visual abnormalities has been described in adults children with hypertension, eclampsia, treatment cyclosporin after organ transplantation, interferon therapy.1-5 Neuroradiologic studies suggest predominantly posterior white matter abnormalities. Therefore, the referred to as leukoencephalopathy (RPL). We present a child AIDS RPL. We that brain is affected more extensive way both gray are involved. Case...

Abstract Perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in tremendous activation of the pediatric immune system. An important component understanding pathogenesis this disease is to characterize and quantify antigenic indicators within peripheral lymphocyte population. We measured T‐lymphocyte maturation antigens a cohort 112 HIV‐infected children treated antiretroviral therapy according current standard care. Changes expression CD95, HLA‐DR, CD45RO were evident 22...

The relationship of virus load to clinical disease progression in HIV-infected children remains be elucidated. In this study, HIV-1 proviral DNA was determined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by the quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction assay (QC-PCR) 47 subdivided age (group I, ≤2 years; group II, ≥5 years), who were further categorized include 12 rapid progressors (RP, years, Centers for Disease Control [CDC] defined category C and/or immune 3, or death before 2...

We performed a retrospective analysis of longitudinal clinical and immunologic data obtained from 22 children in the early stages infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when they developed varicella. studied course HIV to determine whether deterioration occurred after chickenpox. examined following indices: growth development; neurologic status; helper T lymphocyte counts; blood values core (p24) antigen HIV; changes stage infection; need for administration zidovudine. mean 2.8...