A5027388826- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2015-2024
Johns Hopkins University
2015-2024
Jacobi Medical Center
2024
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2019
GTx (United States)
2011-2018
Simon Fraser University
2018
Protected Trust Services (United Kingdom)
2018
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
2016
AIDS Clinical Trials Group
1992-2014
National Institutes of Health
2014
An infant born to a woman with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection began receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) 30 hours after birth owing high-risk exposure.ART was continued when detection of HIV-1 DNA and RNA on repeat testing met the standard diagnostic criteria for infection.After discontinued (when child 18 months age), levels plasma RNA, proviral in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, antibodies, as assessed by means clinical assays, remained undetectable through...
From June 1990 through July 1991, intracerebral infection with the larval stage of pork tapeworm Taenia solium was diagnosed in four unrelated persons an Orthodox Jewish community New York City. None patients had eaten pork, and only one traveled to a country which T. endemic. We investigated this outbreak, screened serum samples from family members household contacts for antibodies cysticercosis, examined stool specimens employees eggs taenia species.The recurrent seizures brain lesions...
Antiretroviral therapy can reduce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremia to below the detection limit of ultrasensitive clinical assays (50 copies HIV-1 RNA/ml). However, latent persists in resting CD4+ T cells, and low residual levels free are found plasma. Limited characterization this has been done because number virions per sample. Using intensive sampling, we analyzed compared these viruses proviruses cells peripheral blood. For each patient, some plasma that were identical...
Previously, two men were cured of HIV-1 through CCR5Δ32 homozygous (CCR5Δ32/Δ32) allogeneic adult stem cell transplant. We report the first remission and possible cure in a mixed-race woman who received CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haplo-cord transplant (cord blood cells combined with haploidentical from an adult) to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Peripheral chimerism was 100% cord by week 14 post-transplant persisted 4.8 years follow-up. Immune reconstitution associated (1) loss detectable...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) production continues in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with undetectable (<50 copies/mL) loads. Our initial cross-sectional study showed that this viremia is composed of viruses lack new resistance mutations to the HAART regimen. Here we describe a longitudinal, clonal genotypic analysis plasma loads treated adults who had We document continuous 8 HIV-1-infected maintained suppression for up 15 months. Using analytical...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who develop drug-resistant during antiretroviral therapy may derive benefit from continued treatment for two reasons. First, viruses can retain partial susceptibility to the drug combination. Second, selects that have reduced replication capacities relative archived, drug-sensitive viruses. We developed a novel single-cell-level phenotypic assay allows these effects be distinguished and compared quantitatively. Patient-derived...
Early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected infants controls HIV-1 replication and reduces mortality.Plasma viremia (lower limit detection, <2 copies/mL), T-cell activation, HIV-1-specific immune responses, the persistence cells carrying replication-competent were quantified during long-term effective in 4 perinatally HIV-1-infected youth who received treatment early (the ET group) late LT group). Decay peripheral...
The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 trial demonstrated that long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) was more effective than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men. We characterized infections occurred the blinded phase of HPTN 083.Retrospective testing included testing, viral load quantification study drugs, drug resistance testing.Fifty-eight were evaluated, including...
HIV-1 persists in a latent state resting CD4(+) T lymphocytes of infected adults despite prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). To determine whether reservoir for exists children, we performed quantitative viral culture assay on purified cells from 21 children with perinatally acquired infection. Replication-competent was recovered all 18 whom sufficient were obtained. The frequency latently directly correlated plasma virus levels, suggesting that ongoing replication, most...
ABSTRACT Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can reduce levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma to below the limit detection, replication-competent forms persist all infected individuals. One form persistence involves a stable reservoir latent but potentially infectious that resides resting memory CD4 + T cells. The mechanisms involved maintaining this are incompletely understood. In present study, we examined dynamic...
Combination antiretroviral therapy initiated within several weeks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults limits proviral reservoirs that preclude HIV cure. Biomarkers restricted may aid the monitoring remission or
Identification of HIV infection in exposed infants facilitates early therapy, which may limit viral reservoirs that maintain under HAART.The dynamics the resting CD4 T-cell latent reservoir was determined over first 2 years life 17 HIV-infected initiating lopinavir/ritonavir-based HAART at a median age 8.1 weeks and achieving adequate suppression plasma load by 24 weeks.The detected 12 14 (86%) tested [median frequency 1.88 infectious units per million (IUPM); range <0.22 to 81.7), remained...
HIV Prevention Trials Network 084 demonstrated that long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB) was superior to daily oral tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in sub-Saharan African women. This report describes infections occurred the trial before unblinding.
Abstract Background Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to occur due barriers effective antiretroviral prevention that might be mitigated by long-acting broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs). Methods An extended half-life bNAb, VRC01LS, was administered subcutaneously at 80 mg/dose after birth HIV-1–exposed, nonbreastfed (cohort 1, n = 10) and breastfed 2, 11) infants. Cohort 2 received a second dose (100 mg) 12 weeks. All prophylaxis. VRC01LS levels...
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe clinical phenotype of acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that remains poorly understood.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can suppress plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) levels to below the detection limit of ultrasensitive clinical assays. However, HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs, and adults, persistent low-level viremia is detected with more sensitive The nature this poorly understood, it unclear whether children on HAART, particularly those who start shortly after birth. We therefore developed a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay that...