Analysis of motor performance variability in tasks with redundancy affords insight about synergies underlying central nervous system (CNS) control. Preferential distribution ways that minimally affect task suggests sophisticated neural Unfortunately, the analysis choice coordinates used to represent multi-dimensional data may profoundly analysis, introducing an arbitrariness which compromises its conclusions. This paper assesses influence coordinates. Methods based on analyzing a covariance...

Mounting evidence suggests that human motor control uses dynamic primitives, attractors of neuromechanical systems require minimal central supervision. However, advantages for may be offset by compromised versatility. Extending recent results showing humans could not sustain discrete movements as duration decreased, this study tested whether smoothly rhythmic maintained increased. Participants performed horizontal between two targets, paced sounds with intervals increased from 1 to 6 s 200...

Despite anecdotal reports that humans retain acquired motor skills for many years, if not a lifetime, long-term memory of has received little attention. While numerous neuroimaging studies showed practice-induced cortical plasticity, the behavioral correlates, what is retained and also forgotten, are understood. This longitudinal case study on four subjects presents detailed kinematic analyses practicing bimanual polyrhythmic task over 2 months with retention tests after 6 and, two subjects,...

Throwing is a uniquely human skill that requires high degree of coordination to successfully hit target. Timing ball release appears crucial as previous studies report required timing accuracies short 1-2ms, which however appear physiologically challenging. This study mathematically and experimentally demonstrates humans can overcome these seemingly stringent requirements by shaping their hand trajectories create extended windows, where releases achieve target hits despite temporal...

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience challenges in health, communication, and sen-sory processing; therefore, early diagnosis is necessary for proper treatment care. In this work, we consider the problem of detecting or classifying ASD children to aid medical professionals diagnosis. We develop a deep learning model that analyzes video clips reacting sensory stimuli, intent capturing key differences reactions behavior between non-ASD participants. Unlike many...

Objective To examine food insecurity (FI) prevalence among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2021) using cross-sectional design, and moderating role of first-generation student status in relationship between FI grade point average (GPA).Participants Three-hundred sixty recruited mostly from upper-level kinesiology coursesMethods General linear model was used to predict GPA based on security status, psychological health, bodily pain, with subgroup analysis performed by...

Long-term retention of a motor skill has received relatively little systematic study, even though lasting neuroplasticity is the holy grail any clinical intervention. This study examined acquisition and novel bimanual polyrhythmic skill, practiced with sparse explicit feedback mimicking real-life scenarios. Self-paced metronome-paced practice conditions were compared in their effect on long-term retention. Two groups subjects first underwent extensive 20 sessions over 2 mo, then followed up...

Children with dystonia are characterized by highly variable and seemingly uncontrolled movements. An important question for any rehabilitative effort is whether these children can learn improve their performance. This study compared due to cerebral palsy, typically developing children, healthy adults in ability acquire a novel sensorimotor skill. Using virtual setup, subjects threw ball tethered post hit target. Multiple combinations of release angle velocity the arm at could achieve target...

Numerous studies have demonstrated that boys throw balls faster, farther and more accurately than girls. This may be largely due to well-known anatomical muscle-physiological differences play a central role in overarm throwing. With the objective understand potential contribution of equally essential coordinative aspects throwing for this gender difference, large cross-sectional study examined simplified forearm eliminated requirements give males an advantage.While overall performance error...

Prediction is critical for successful interactions with a dynamic environment. To test the development of predictive processes over life span, we designed suite interceptive tasks implemented as interactive video games. Four involving flying ball titrated challenge quantified spatiotemporal aspects prediction. For comparison, reaction time was assessed in matching task. The experiments were conducted museum, where 400 visitors across all ages participated, and laboratory focused age group....

We experience pain in response to negative, unwanted social interaction with others (e.g., rejection), and this type of is termed as the recent literature. While sensitivity may be beneficial increase a chance for survival, could also detrimental elevate risk various health issues. Such opposing natures warrants research better identify factors that are linked sensitivity. Self-construals show perspectives on how view oneself relations others, characterized independent interdependent...

Previous studies using muscimol inactivations in the frontal eye fields (FEFs) have shown that saccades generated by recall from working memory are eliminated these lesions, whereas visually guided relatively spared. In experiments, we made reversible FEFs alert macaque monkeys and examined effect on a choice response task. Our task required to learn arbitrary pairings between colored stimuli saccade direction. Following inactivations, percentage of errors increased as function number...

Purpose Successful voice therapy requires the patient to learn new vocal behaviors, but little is currently known regarding how motor skills are improved and retained. To quantitatively characterize learning process in a clinically meaningful context, virtual task was developed based on Vocal Function Exercises. In task, subjects control computational model of ball floating column airflow via modifications mean (L/s) intensity (dB-C) keep within target range representing normative ratio (dB...

Successful voice training (e.g., singing lessons) and vocal rehabilitation therapy for a disorder) involve learning complex, behaviors. However, there are no metrics describing how humans learn new skills or predicting long the improved behavior will persist post-therapy. To develop measures capable of motor learning, theory-based paradigm from limb control inspired development virtual task where subjects throw projectiles at target via modifications in pitch loudness. Ten with healthy...

As an effort to improve the video quality of a digital TV (HDTV) system, robust motion adaptive deinterlacing algorithms based on decision feedback rules are proposed, which, in principle, utilizes information past and current pictures. With proposed algorithm, visual artifacts due failure detecting fast repetitive embedded interlaced sequence can be significantly reduced. Hence, with algorithms, much more pleasing realized for HDTV systems than typical algorithms.

The ability to learn novel motor skills is essential for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) regain activities of daily living. However, the underlying mechanisms learning in PD remain unclear. To identify features that are distinctively manifested during learning, we quantified a rich set variables reflecting various aspects process virtual throwing task. While performance outcome improved similarly over 3 days practice both and age-matched controls, further analysis revealed distinct...

Abstract A growing body of research reveals that autistic individuals exhibit motor coordination challenges. Multiple theoretical frameworks propose the seemingly disparate features autism may arise from a common underlying process: diminished ability to make predictions. Sensorimotor skills, such as catching ball, critically rely on predicting ball's trajectory well anticipatory entire body. Here, we assessed four different naturalistic and virtual interception tasks with 31 neurotypical 23...

We describe the color transient improvement (CTI) involving detection and sharpening edges in chrominance. CTI algorithm works purely on U V data within a frame, modifying this where necessary to sharpen transients. The independently.

We have developed a new TV system equipped with digital filter which expands given 4:3 image vertically at the rate of 2/3 to fit into 16:9 wide monitor leading pleasing visual quality. The algorithm for enlarging an can be classified in two categories: deflection and signal processing. processing scheme is employed overcome shortcomings introduced by scheme, it maintains resolution good

Analyzing the structure of motor variability is important to understand neural control movement. Although many previous studies have suggested analysis methods account for task-relevant variability, it has been revealed that even a simple linear transformation coordinate system causes qualitatively different interpretation analysis. The present study suggests revised version Covariation cost and shows little sensitivity. modified algorithm allows more flexible optimization, but does not...