Emotion-cognition and motivation-cognition relationships related brain mechanisms are receiving increasing attention in the clinical research literature as a means of understanding diverse types psychopathology improving biological psychological treatments. This paper reviews integrates some growing evidence for cognitive biases deficits depression anxiety, how these disruptions interact with emotional motivational processes, what appear to be involved. integration sets stage role...

Objective To better concurrently address emotional and neuropsychological symptoms common in veterans with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), we integrated components compensatory cognitive training from the Cognitive Symptom Management Rehabilitation Therapy (CogSMART) programme into processing therapy (CPT) for PTSD to create a hybrid treatment, SMART-CPT (CogSMART+CPT). This study compared efficacy standard CPT treatment TBI reporting...

The appeal of simple, sweeping portraits large-scale brain mechanisms relevant to psychological phenomena competes with a rich, complex research base. As prominent example, two views frontal organization have emphasized dichotomous lateralization as function either emotional valence (positive/negative) or approach/avoidance motivation. Compelling findings support each. literature has struggled choose between them for three decades, without success. Both are proving untenable comprehensive...

Abstract Research indicates that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) is important for pursuing goals, and areas of are differentially involved in approach avoidance motivation. Given the complexity processes goal pursuit, likely part a network includes orbitofrontal OFC ), cingulate, amygdala, basal ganglia. This hypothesis was tested with regard to one component maintenance goals face distraction. Examination connectivity motivation‐related supported hypothesis. Differential patterns...

Older people constitute one of the highest risk groups for suicide. Existing research in this area has been largely dominated by a factor approach. This is limited usefulness since only minority those at go on to make an attempt. Therefore, prediction, prevention and management remain challenging. The present study aimed capture subjective experience older who had recently made suicide attempt through exploring their understanding pathway from attempt, within context ageing. Fifteen...

Youth inpatient and residential treatment psychiatric services are essential components of the continuum care. Concern has grown about diminished availability these increasing need for them. This study aimed to examine number youths treated at facilities over a 12-year period assess perceptions state mental health authorities (SMHAs) reasons changes in availability. In this multimodal study, authors conducted secondary analysis national survey (including all 50 states, Washington, D.C.,...

Dimensions of psychopathy are theorized to be associated with distinct cognitive and emotional abnormalities that may represent unique neurobiological risk factors for the disorder. This hypothesis was investigated by examining whether psychopathic personality dimensions fearless-dominance impulsive-antisociality moderated neural activity behavioral responses selective attention processing during an emotion-word Stroop task in 49 adults. As predicted, evidenced divergent selective-attention...

Individual differences in inhibition-related functions have been implicated as risk factors for a broad range of psychopathology, including anxiety and depression. Delineating neural mechanisms distinct may clarify their role the development maintenance psychopathology. The present study tested hypothesis that activity common brain regions would be associated with an ecologically sensitive, self-report measure inhibition laboratory performance prepotent response inhibition. Results indicated...

It is well established that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with various forms of aggression, though the mechanisms by which PTSD related to aggression are not fully understood. Some research suggests tendency experience shame, but guilt, contributes in individuals a history interpersonal trauma. This study tested hypothesis trait shame trauma-related guilt would mediate relationship between symptoms and verbal physical veterans combat/military-related trauma seeking...

Abstract Brain regions in the default mode network (DMN) display greater functional connectivity at rest or during self‐referential processing than goal‐directed tasks. The present study assessed resting‐state as a function of anxious apprehension and arousal, independent depressive symptoms, order to understand how these dimensions disrupt cognition. Whole‐brain, seed‐based analyses indicated differences between arousal DMN connectivity. Lower associated with higher suggests decreased...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is classified as a traumatic stress-related condition and most often discussed in terms of emotional dysfunction. However, given that cognitive processes are intricately intertwined, implemented by overlapping brain networks, effectively integrated at least some the same regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, for review, see Crocker et al. 2013), an abundance literature now highlights key role functioning plays both development maintenance (or exacerbation)...

Schools are an important component in the mental health system of care for youths. Teachers and other school staff have unique opportunities to promote emotional wellness prevent conditions. Although numerous programs available, identifying evidence-based effective options is a significant challenge. This introduction lays out rationale methodology Assessing Evidence Base (AEB) Series, collection systematic reviews school-based promotion prevention approaches recommended by National...

Magnetoencephalography was used to examine the effect of individual differences on temporal dynamics emotional face processing by grouping subjects based their ability detect masked valence-laden stimuli. Receiver operating characteristic curves and a nonparametric sensitivity measure were categorize into those that could not reliably briefly presented fearful faces backward-masked neutral faces. Results showed that, in cluster face-responsive sensors, strength M170 response modulated...

The present research examined the hypothesis that cognitive processes are modulated differentially by trait and state negative affect (NA). Brain activation associated with NA was measured fMRI during an attentional control task, emotion-word Stroop. Performance on task disrupted only NA. Trait reduced activity in several regions, including a prefrontal area has been shown to be involved top-down, goal-directed control. In contrast, increased region stimulus-driven aspects of Results suggest...

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent comorbid conditions in military Veterans. However, lack of appropriate comparison groups has clouded interpretation the chronic effects these conditions. The present study evaluated neuropsychological, psychiatric/neurobehavioral, functional outcomes associated with mTBI PTSD a well-characterized sample combat-exposed Veterans.Method: Participants included 73 Iraq/Afghanistan...

Anxiety is characterized by attentional biases to threat, but findings are inconsistent for depression. To address this inconsistency, the present study systematically assessed role of co-occurring anxiety in bias In addition, emotional valence, arousal, and gender was explored. Ninety-two nonpatients completed Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990; Molina & Borkovec, 1994) portions Mood Symptom (MASQ; Watson, Clark, 1995; Weber, 1995). Individuals reporting high levels...

This study examined whether boys with gender identity disorder (GID) produced less prototypically male speech than control without GID, a possibility that has been suggested by clinical observations. Two groups of listeners participated in tasks where they rated the typicality single words (group 1) or sentences 2) 15 5–13 year old GID and age-matched GID. Detailed acoustic analyses stimuli were also conducted. Boys as boy-like In experiment using sentence stimuli, these group differences...

Few studies have investigated how attentional control is affected by transient affective states while taking individual differences in traits into consideration.In this study, participants completed a color-word Stroop task immediately after undergoing positive, neutral or negative context manipulation (ACM).Behavioral performance was unaffected any ACM considered isolation.For individuals high trait affect (NA), impaired the but not positive ACM.Neuroimaging results indicate that activity...

Background Habituation of the fear response, critical for treatment anxiety, is inconsistently observed during exposure to threatening stimuli. One potential explanation this inconsistency differential attentional engagement with negatively valenced stimuli as a function anxiety type. Methods The present study tested hypothesis by examining patterns neural habituation associated anxious arousal, characterized panic symptoms and immediate stimuli, versus apprehension, in worry distract from...