When extreme, anxiety—a state of distress and arousal prototypically evoked by uncertain danger—can be debilitating. Uncertain anticipation is a shared feature situations that elicit signs symptoms anxiety across psychiatric disorders, species, assays. Despite the profound significance for human health wellbeing, neurobiology uncertain-threat remains unsettled. Leveraging paradigm adapted from animal research optimized fMRI signal decomposition, we examined neural circuits engaged during...

Although there has been steady progress elucidating the influence of emotion on cognition, it remains unclear precisely when and why impairs or facilitates cognition. The present study investigated mechanisms involved in perception working memory (WM), using modified 0-back 2-back tasks, respectively. First, results showed that attentional focus modulated impact perception. Specifically, facilitated perceptual task performance was relevant to task, but impaired irrelevant task. differential...

Abstract Background Social anxiety lies on a continuum, and young adults with elevated symptoms are at risk for developing range of psychiatric disorders. Yet relatively little is known about the factors that govern hour-by-hour experience expression social in real world. Methods Here we used smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to intensively sample emotional across different contexts daily lives 228 selectively recruited represent broad spectrum symptoms. Results...

Temporal dynamics play a central role in models of emotion: "fear" is widely conceptualized as phasic response to certain-and-imminent danger, whereas "anxiety" sustained uncertain-or-distal harm. Yet the underlying neurobiology remains contentious. Leveraging translationally relevant fMRI paradigm and theory-driven modeling approach 220 adult humans, we demonstrate that certain- uncertain-threat anticipation recruit shared circuit encompasses extended amygdala (EAc), periaqueductal gray,...

Negative affect is a fundamental dimension of human emotion. When extreme, it contributes to variety adverse outcomes, from physical and mental illness divorce premature death. Mechanistic work in animals neuroimaging research humans monkeys have begun reveal the broad contours neural circuits governing negative affect, but relevance these discoveries everyday distress remains incompletely understood. Here, we used combination approaches—including assays threat anticipation emotional-face...

It remains unclear whether worry and rumination represent the same functional process, or if they are unique constructs. The current study examined relationship between rumination, focusing on potential utility of a bi-factor approach as an alternative to “common” vs. “distinctive” approaches. results indicated that structural is best represented by model (compared single-factor two-factor models), which comprised single factor captures common variance in well separate worry-specific...

ABSTRACT When extreme, anxiety—a state of distress and arousal prototypically evoked by uncertain danger—can be debilitating. Uncertain anticipation is a shared feature situations that elicit signs symptoms anxiety across psychiatric disorders, species, assays. Despite the profound significance for human health wellbeing, neurobiology uncertain-threat remains unsettled. Leveraging paradigm adapted from animal research optimized functional MRI signal decomposition, we examined neural circuits...

Alcohol use is common, imposes a staggering burden on public health, and often resists treatment. The central extended amygdala (EAc)-including the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) (Ce)-plays key role in prominent neuroscientific models alcohol drinking, but relevance these regions to acute consumption humans remains poorly understood. Using single-blind, randomized-groups design, multiband fMRI data were acquired from 49 social drinkers while they performed well-established emotional...

Few studies have investigated how attentional control is affected by transient affective states while taking individual differences in traits into consideration.In this study, participants completed a color-word Stroop task immediately after undergoing positive, neutral or negative context manipulation (ACM).Behavioral performance was unaffected any ACM considered isolation.For individuals high trait affect (NA), impaired the but not positive ACM.Neuroimaging results indicate that activity...

Diverse cases regarding the impact, with its related factors, of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been reported in previous studies. In this study, multivariable datasets were collected from 751 college students who could be easily affected by pandemics based complex relationships between various factors. We utilized quantum annealing (QA)-based feature selection algorithms that executed commercial D-Wave computers to determine changes relative importance associated factors before and...

Neuroticism/negative emotionality (N/NE)-the tendency to experience anxiety, fear, and other negative emotions-is a fundamental dimension of temperament with profound consequences for health, wealth, well-being. Elevated N/NE is associated panoply adverse outcomes, from reduced socioeconomic attainment psychiatric illness. Animal research suggests that reflects heightened reactivity uncertain threat in the bed nucleus stria terminalis (BST) central amygdala (Ce), but relevance these...

ABSTRACT Spatial normalization—the process of aligning anatomical or functional data acquired from different individuals to a common stereotaxic atlas—is routinely used in the vast majority neuroimaging studies, with important consequences for scientific inference and reproducibility. Although several approaches exist, multi-step techniques that leverage superior contrast spatial resolution afforded by T1-weighted images normalize echo planar imaging (EPI) same (T1EPI) is now standard. Yet,...

ABSTRACT Negative affect is a fundamental dimension of human emotion. When extreme, it contributes to variety adverse outcomes—from physical and mental illness divorce premature death. Mechanistic work in animals neuroimaging research humans monkeys has begun reveal the broad contours neural circuits governing negative affect, but relevance these discoveries everyday distress remains incompletely understood. Here we used combination approaches— including assays threat anticipation emotional...

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in a dramatic increase the prevalence of anxiety and depression globally. Although impact on mental health young adults was especially strong, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive.Using network approach, present study investigated putative pathways between pandemic-related factors depressive symptoms among South Korea U.S. Network analyses were conducted cross-country data collected during COVID-19 lockdown period (n = 1,036). Our model...

When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the underlying mechanisms have only recently begun come into focus. Here, we review new insights nature biological bases of dispositional negativity, a fundamental dimension childhood temperament adult personality prominent risk factor for development pediatric disorders. Converging lines epidemiological, neurobiological, mechanistic...

Abstract Among individuals with psychotic disorders, paranoid ideation is common and associated increased impairment, decreased quality of life, a more pessimistic prognosis. Although accumulating research indicates negative affect key precipitant ideation, the possible protective role positive has not been examined. Further, despite interpersonal nature there are limited inconsistent findings regarding how social context, perceptions, motivation influence in real-world contexts. In this...

Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality (N/NE)-the tendency to experience anxiety, fear, and other negative emotions-is a fundamental dimension of temperament with profound consequences for health, wealth, wellbeing. Elevated N/NE is associated panoply adverse outcomes, from reduced socioeconomic attainment psychiatric illness. Animal research suggests that reflects heightened reactivity uncertain threat in the bed nucleus stria terminalis (BST) central amygdala (Ce), but relevance these...

Elevated levels of Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality (N/NE) and, less consistently, lower Extraversion/Positive (E/PE) confer risk for pathological depression and anxiety. To date, most prospective-longitudinal research has narrowly focused on traditional diagnostic categories, creating uncertainty about the precise nature these prospective associations. Adopting an explicitly hierarchical-dimensional approach, we examined association between baseline variation in personality longitudinal...

Social anxiety lies on a continuum, and young adults with elevated symptoms are at risk for developing range of debilitating psychiatric disorders. Yet, relatively little is known about the factors that govern hour-by-hour experience expression social in daily life. Here, we used smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to intensively sample emotional across different contexts lives 228 selectively recruited represent broad spectrum symptoms. Leveraging data from over 11,000...