We have studied ultrathin Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectrics on Ge grown by ultrahigh vacuum-reactive atomic-beam deposition ultraviolet ozone oxidation. 3/-Ge stack had a t/sub eq//spl sim/23 /spl Aring/, three orders of magnitude lower leakage current compared to SiO/sub 2/. 2/-Ge allowed even greater scaling, achieving sim/11 Aring/ six carried out detailed study cleaning conditions for the wafer, dielectric condition, anneal their effect electrical properties metal-gated...

We demonstrate the potential for ultrathin aluminum-oxide films as alternate gate dielectrics Si complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. Films are deposited in ultrahigh vacuum utilizing atomic beams of aluminum and oxygen on Si(100) surfaces. show device-quality Si(100)/Al2O3 interfaces with interfacial trap densities 1010 cm−2 eV−1 range, leakage current five orders magnitude lower than what is observed SiO2 insulators at same equivalent electrical thickness. As-grown possess...

ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a primary muscle disease that manifests itself in young boys as result of defect gene located on the X-chromosome. This codes for dystrophin, normal protein beneath sarcolemma fibres. Therapies to alleviate this have centred implanting precursor cells into dystrophic fibres compensate lack and its product. To date, donor implantation such therapy been myogenic origin, derived from paternal biopsies. Success human muscle, however, has limited may...

We report on high effective mobilities in yttrium-oxide-based n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with aluminum gates. The yttrium oxide was grown ultrahigh vacuum using a reactive atomic-beam-deposition system. Medium-energy ion-scattering studies indicate an approximate composition of Y2O3 top thin layer interfacial SiO2. thickness this as well the mobility are found to be dependent postgrowth anneal conditions. Optimum conditions result approaching that...

New Findings What is the central question of this study? A few weeks endurance training accelerate oxygen uptake ( ) on‐kinetics in humans. The main aim present study was to determine whether acceleration obtained by a short period moderate‐intensity can be explained an intensification mitochondrial biogenesis. finding and its importance? We demonstrated that 5 accelerates during cycling absence enhanced biogenesis or capillarization trained muscles. postulate early stages ‘parallel...

Abstract Fast locomotory muscles, which are responsible for generating the highest power outputs, more vulnerable to aging than slow muscles. In this study, we aimed evaluate impact of middle age and voluntary physical activity on capillarization angiogenic potential in fast Middle-aged (M-group) young (Y-group) wild-type FVB female mice were randomly assigned either sedentary or trained group undergoing 8-week spontaneous wheel running (8-sWR). Capillary density (assessed via...

The uterus has a remarkable ability of cycling remodeling throughout the reproductive life female. Recent findings in human and mouse indicate that adult stem/progenitor cells may play prominent role maintenance uterine endometrial myometrial homeostasis. We aimed to characterize prospective porcine establish new model for stem cell research. In this study, we demonstrated isolated from have capacity vitro differentiation into adipogenic osteogenic lineages express mesenchymal (MSC) markers...

A series of GaN:Mg structures were grown in molecular beam epitaxy, using either one or two rf nitrogen sources, and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition systems with varying Mg flux. Acceptor energies measured the Hall effect admittance spectroscopy techniques. The acceptor found to be different for methods, i.e., 135–155 meV measurement 80–115 measurement. apparently small from explained, through a simulation process, by combined effects (1) high concentration no other free carrier (2)...

Skeletal muscles are an important reservoir of nitric oxide (NO•) stored in the form nitrite [NO2-] and nitrate [NO3-] (NOx). Nitrite, which can be reduced to NO• under hypoxic acidotic conditions, is considered a physiologically relevant, direct source bioactive NO•. The aim present study was determine basal levels NOx striated (including rat heart locomotory muscles) with varied contents tissue reductases, such as myoglobin mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins (ETC-proteins)....

In this study we have examined the effect of prolonged endurance training program on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V'O2) kinetics during heavy-intensity cycling-exercise and its impact maximal cycling running performance. Twelve healthy, physically active men (mean±SD: age 22.33±1.44 years, V'O2peak 3198±458 mL ∙ min-1) performed an composed mainly moderate-intensity cycling, lasting 20 weeks. Training resulted in a decrease (by ~5%, P = 0.027) V'O2 prior low-intensity exercise (20 W) shortening...

Thin, electroless films (<100 nm) were deposited on substrates, and the relationships between nucleation, microstructure, preferred orientation, internal stress, magnetic properties of these deposits investigated. The substrate treatment prior to plating (keeping parameters constant) was found have a profound effect nucleation growth, structure, deposits. can be explained in terms crystal, shape, strain anisotropies structures. Shape anisotropy is major parameter contributing good in‐plane...

The structure and properties of Co-N, Co-Fe-N, Co-Zr-N films, prepared by rf reactive sputtering using nitrogen argon gases, have been studied. resistivity coercivity films were determined as a function partial pressure. It was found that the Co-N Co-Fe-N very similar where mainly nitride phases in these films. both increased with increase decreased an initial pressure, then further pressure so there is region pressures at its lowest value. low attributed to formation Co4N phase Fe4N For...

Abstract Myoglobin (Mb) plays an important role at rest and during exercise as a reservoir of oxygen has been suggested to regulate NO • bioavailability under hypoxic/acidic conditions. However, its ultimate is still subject debate. We aimed study the effect Mb deficiency on maximal uptake () performance in myoglobin knockout mice ( −/− ) when compared control +/+ ). Furthermore, we also studied bioavailability, assessed nitrite (NO 2 − nitrate 3 heart, locomotory muscle plasma, exhaustion...

The Hall effect is used to measure the electron mobility in HfO/sub 2/ based n-channel field transistors with poly-Si gates. Large deviations between measured and drift mobilities are explained by presence of high concentrations nonfixed charge (up 4/spl times/10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/). Simulated curves show that observed fixed can estimate significantly better than if only concentration used.

Dynamic resistance training increases the force and speed of muscle contraction, but little is known about modifications to contractile properties main physiological types motor units (MUs) that contribute these adaptations. Although profile MU fibers tightly coupled myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression, it not well understood if MyHC transition a prerequisite for characteristics MUs. In this study, we examined properties, mRNA expression MyHC, parvalbumin, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum...

High-effective mobilities are demonstrated in Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ based n-channel MOSFETs with Al gates. The was grown ultra-high vacuum using a reactive atomic beam deposition system. mobility maximum values at approximately 270 cm/sup 2//Vs, is found to approach that of SiO/sub 2/ higher fields.

We report on the physical and electrical properties of AlN as grown by reactive-atomic-beam deposition under various growth anneal conditions. The characterization shows that hydrogen terminated (HF-last) Si has a thin layer Si3N4 at interface while SiO2 or Al2O3 suffers from nucleation problems. HF-last Si, annealed 650 °C, high interfacial quality four to five orders magnitude lower leakage current compared SiO2. In contrast, poor are reported for Al2O3. relative permittivity is found be...