A reduction in the density of capillaries (rarefaction) is known to occur many tissues patients with essential hypertension. This rarefaction may play a role increasing peripheral resistance. However, mechanism underlying this capillary not understood. The aim study was assess extent structural versus functional skin dorsum fingers microcirculation examined video microscopy before and after maximizing number perfused by venous congestion. group comprised 17 hypertension (mean supine blood...

We recently showed that rarefaction of skin capillaries in the dorsum fingers patients with essential hypertension is due to structural (anatomic) absence rather than functional nonperfusion. It not known whether this primary (ie, antedates onset hypertension) or secondary as a consequence sustained and prolonged elevation blood pressure [BP]). The aim present investigation was study capillary density group mild borderline assess BP. included 18 (mean supine BP, 136/83 mm Hg), 32...

To compare measurement of left ventricular mass (LVM) by M-mode echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hypertensive subjects.A prospective study.Twenty-four untreated patients [19 men five women, aged 51 +/- 2 (mean SEM) years, supine blood pressure 159/101 3/1 mmHg].The Blood Pressure Unit, St Georges Hospital Medical School Magnetic Resonance Royal Brompton National Heart Lung Hospital, London.LVM estimated both MRI.Using three standard formulae, widely different values...

1. We have developed a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide (1–32) in human plasma. Simultaneous measurements atrial also been carried out to allow direct comparison between circulating and peptide. Plasma levels (means ± sem) were 1.1 0.1 pmol/l 36 normal healthy subjects significantly elevated cardiac transplant recipients (18.8 3.9 pmol/l, n = 12) patients with dialysis-independent (8.8 1.5 11) or dialysis-dependent (41.6 8.8 14) chronic renal...

Ageing is associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk. We assessed the activity of nitric oxide (NO) prostaglandin pathways in older subjects. Bilateral venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure forearm blood flow during intra-arterial infusion NO synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA; 1, 2 4μmol/min), cyclo-oxygenase aspirin (3, 9 30μmol/min), smooth muscle constrictor, noradrenaline (60, 120 240pmol/min); each dose infused for 5min....

Intravital capillary video-microscopy is a dynamic method for studying skin capillaries. The technique of direct intravital microscopy (without dyes) depends on the presence red blood cells inside capillaries their identification. aim present study was to compare different techniques try establish best maximizing number visible perfused during microscopy. We compared effects venous congestion with those post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (Study 1). also investigated followed first by and...

Eighteen unselected patients With untreated mild to moderate essential hypertension, whose average supine blood pressure after 2 months' observation on no treatment was 154/103 mmHg, were entered into a double-blind randomized crossover study of 1 month's with calcium lactate gluconate (40 mmol elemental calcium/day) and placebo for further month. Despite significant increase in total plasma (P<0.01) 24-h urinary excretion (P<0.025) while taking gluconate, there fall supplementation compared placebo.

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major public health problem. Prompt reporting of suspected ADRs is fundamental in the post-marketing surveillance medicines and helps ensuring medicine safety. However, fewer reported general particular by community pharmacists. There limited knowledge about factors which preventing pharmacists UK from an ADR.Objectives: To identify barriers to ADR among practicing UK.Methods: A cross sectional study using 25-items questionnaire (both online...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. There limited information from Rwanda on AMR trends. This longitudinal study aimed to describe temporal trends of antibiotic susceptibility among common bacteria. We collated the antimicrobial results bacteria cultured clinical specimens collected inpatients and outpatients submitted microbiology laboratory at King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, January 1, 2009, December 31, 2013. Differences in between first fifth year for...

Background Many abnormalities are known to occur in the microcirculation essential hypertension, including reduction capillary density or rarefaction. Peripheral vasodilatation and angiogenesis critical components of physiological adaptation normal pregnancy. Objective To investigate hypothesis that defective angiogenesis, reflected rarefaction, may be implicated clinical syndrome pre-eclampsia. Methods We used intravital video-microscopy study functional (baseline) structural (after...

Objective: The aim was to examine the ventricular expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in transplanted human heart. Methods: Serial right biopsies (n=68) and plasma samples were obtained for measurement BNP atrial (ANP) from 14 orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients 1-74 weeks after transplantation. Right specimens (n=10) also normal hearts during necropsy as controls. Results: Mean higher (p<0.05) than hearts, at 13531(SEM 2244) pg·mg−1 soluble protein (range 3232 - 109448) v...

1. Nine normal subjects (eight male, one female) on a fixed daily intake of 150 mmol sodium and 80 mnol potassium, were randomized to receive either 3 days 1.0 litre total water intake/24 h (food + fluid) or 4 6.8 litres h, then crossed over after day control period (2.7 water/24 h). 2. During restriction, urine volume fell from 1.94 litres/24 less than 1 litre/24 by the first was 0.77 final day. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels unchanged baseline despite large increase in plasma...

Objective: We have shown previously that the combination of captopril and nifedipine was effective at peak response but very short acting. therefore decided to study longer-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril long-acting calcium antagonist amlodipine, each alone in combination, a double-blind, randomized crossover which blood pressures were measured trough. This provided opportunity investigate what parameters these patients might possibly predict fall pressure with...

1. Hormones involved in cardiovascular regulation are influenced by drug treatment. It is therefore difficult to study endocrine mechanisms heart failure as most patients already on treatment the time they reach hospital. 2. We studied nine hospital in-patients before and after of acute New York Heart Association class IV failure. 3. Before treatment, plasma brain atrial natriuretic peptides were markedly elevated (BNP 121 ± 26 pg/ml, ANP 163 33 pg/ml; normal range: BNP 3.9 0.3 8.6 0.8...

Objective: Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction. We studied the acute and longer-term effects of vitamin C compared to a 'Mediterranean-type' diet on function in healthy older subjects. Methods: Bilateral venous occlusion plethysmography was used measure forearm blood flow subjects aged 57–80 years. Responses cumulative intra-arterial doses endothelium-dependent dilator bradykinin (BK; n=56; 20, 40, 80 pmol/min) nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; n=54; 4, 8, 16...

Objective: The aim was to examine the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and hormones importance in control sodium water balance blood volume. Methods: Nine patients (mean age 4 years, range 2-9) undergoing cardiac surgery were studied. Blood samples taken before, during, up 24 h after bypass. Plasma levels BNP, atrial (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma renin activity, aldosterone, catecholamines measured. Results: Preoperative concentrations BNP...

1. Plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and urinary sodium excretion were measured in six normal male subjects before, during for 195 min after a 60 infusion of 2 litres saline (0.9% NaCl, 308 mmol Na+). 2. During the infusion, there was significant increase plasma ANP decrease renin activity, aldosterone, albumin, creatinine packed cell volume. 3. The maximal rise mean occurred 15 stopping collection period 30 later. 4. then decreased so that by end study level same as...

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease increases the risk of premature cardiovascular and sudden death.'One possible mechanism may be left ventricular hypertrophy, which exacerbates cardiac in patients with other types disease.We assessed whether disproportionate hypertrophy occurs disease. Subjects, methods, resultsAsymptomatic, untreated subjects normal renal function no history hypertension were selected from our register.Fourteen out 23 eligible white recruited (10 women four men,...