Solvated electrons are typically generated by radiolysis or photoionization of solutes. While plasmas containing free have been brought into contact with liquids in studies dating back centuries, there has little evidence that solvated this approach. Here we report direct measurements an atmospheric-pressure plasma the surface aqueous solution. The measured their optical absorbance using a total internal reflection geometry. absorption spectrum is unexpectedly blue shifted, which potentially...

Graphene oxide is being used in energy, optical, electronic and sensor devices due to its unique properties. However, unlike counterpart - graphene the thermal transport properties of remain unknown. In this work, we use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with reactive potentials systematically study role oxygen adatoms on oxide. For pristine graphene, highly ballistic observed. As coverage increases, conductivity significantly reduced. An 5% can reduce by ~90% a 20% lower it ~8.8...

Traditionally, Paschen’s curve has been used to describe the breakdown voltage for gaseous ionization between two electrodes. However, experiments have shown that curve, which is based on Townsend effects, not necessarily accurate in describing electrodes spaced less than 15 μm apart. In this regime, electron field emission plays a significant role phenomenon, and recently an alternative mathematical description accounts ion-enhanced was proposed small gaps. both gap equation only work...

A novel approach to the analysis of exosomal RNA is presented using SAW exosome lysis and ion-exchange nanomembrane sensing.

Ionic wind engines can be integrated onto surfaces to provide enhanced local cooling. Air ions generated by field-emitted electrons or a corona discharge are pulled an electric field and exchange momentum with neutral air molecules, causing flow. In the presence of bulk flow, ionic winds distort boundary layer, increasing heat transfer from wall. Experiments demonstrate ability decrease wall temperature substantially in flow over flat plate, corresponding enhancement coefficient more than...

Gas breakdown at microscale dimensions has been of great interest to the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and plasma communities for nearly 15 years as first reports deviations from traditional theory began emerge. Since those reports, a significant amount work investigated why gas deviates classic Paschen's Law when are in range 1–10 µm. Nearly universally, these that form so-called modified curve have attributed electron field emission, where electrons directly tunnel cathode into due...

Plasma-assisted catalysis is the process of electrically activating gases in plasma-phase at low temperatures and ambient pressure to drive reactions on catalyst surfaces. catalytic processes combine conventional heterogeneous surface reactions, homogeneous plasma phase coupling between plasma-generated species surface. Herein, we perform kinetically controlled ammonia synthesis measurements a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-assisted reactor. We decouple contributions due from...

A surface acoustic wave-based sample delivery and ionization method that requires minimal to no pretreatment can operate under ambient conditions is described. This miniaturized technology enables real-time, rapid, high-throughput analysis of trace compounds in complex mixtures, especially high ionic strength viscous samples be challenging for conventional techniques such as electrospray ionization. technique takes advantage order wave (SAW) vibrations both manipulate small volumes liquid...

Plasmas (gas discharges) formed at the surface of liquids can promote a complex mixture reactions in solution. Here, we decouple two classes reactions, those initiated by electrons (electrolysis) and gaseous neutral species, examining an atmospheric-pressure microplasma different ambients aqueous saline (NaCl) solutions. Electrolytic between plasma ions yield excess hydroxide (OH(-)), making solution more basic, while reactive species phase lead to nitrous acid (HNO2), nitric (HNO3),...

Plasma-assisted catalysis populates vibrationally excited CH₄ interacting with catalyst, leading to small energy barriers and enhanced rates activate CH₄.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EV) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) have tremendous potential as biomarkers for the early detection of disease. Here, we present a simple and rapid PCR-free integrated microfluidics platform capable absolute quantification (<10% uncertainty) both free-floating miRNAs EV-miRNAs in plasma with 1 pM sensitivity. The assay time is only 30 minutes opposed to 13 h requires ~20 μL sample oppose mL conventional RT-qPCR techniques. integrates surface acoustic wave...

We explore the consequences of nonthermal plasma-activation on product yields in catalytic ammonia synthesis, a reaction that is equilibrium-limited at elevated temperatures. employ minimal microkinetic model incorporates influence N2 dissociation rates to predict NH3 into and across regime. are predicted exceed bulk thermodynamic equilibrium limits materials thermal-rate-limited by dissociation. In all cases, revert temperatures which thermal plasma-activated ones. Beyond-equilibrium...

Recent shale gas discoveries and advances in plasma chemistry provide the basis to exploit metal surface–plasma interactions precisely control C–H bond activation on catalytic surfaces, leading improved reaction efficiencies. Although exact determination of plasma–catalyst remains a topic continuing research, this Letter provides evidence that exist can be used significantly enhance bonds at temperatures >630 K, probed by dry reforming methane with carbon dioxide using Ni/Al2O3. We...

Abstract Additive manufacturing of metallic materials holds the potential to revolutionize fabrication functional devices unattainable via traditional methods. Despite recent advancements, printing typically requires thermal processing at elevated temperatures form dense structures with desired properties, which presents a major challenge for direct and integration temperature‐sensitive materials. Herein, unique co‐jet (CJP) method is reported integrating an aerosol jet non‐thermal,...

The modified Paschen’s curve describes the gaseous breakdown potential (voltage) in microscale gaps, when deviations from traditional occur [F. Paschen, Ann. Phys. 273, 69 (1889)]. deviation is due to ion-enhanced field emission that occurs high electric of microgaps and acts as an additional cathode electron source. present work derives analytical formulation for effect uses a consistent, single criterion. proposed model does not require fitting factor required prior models constitutes...

Abstract The formation of atmospheric-pressure plasmas with liquid electrodes holds great importance for a number emerging technologies and applications, yet fundamental questions remain about the nature interactions at plasma/liquid interface. In particular, when serves as anode, plasma supplies gas-phase electrons to surface, how these interact has not been fully explained. this work, we present experimental evidence that in case water, are involved electrolytic reactions leading...

Exosomes carry microRNA biomarkers, occur in higher abundance cancerous patients than healthy ones, and because they are present most biofluids, including blood urine, these can be obtained noninvasively. Standard laboratory techniques to isolate exosomes expensive, time consuming, provide poor purity, recover on the order of 25% available exosomes. We a new microfluidic technique simultaneously preconcentrate them by electrophoresis using high transverse local electric field generated...

Plasmas in contact with liquids initiate complex chemistry that leads to the generation of a wide range reactive species. For example, an electrolytic configuration cathodic plasma electrode, electrons from are injected into solution, leading solvation and ensuing reactions. If gas contains oxygen, electronegative oxygen molecules may react via attachment reduce electron flux solution reducing production solvated or produce species quickly scavenge solution. Here, we applied total internal...

When non-equilibrium, low-temperature plasmas and catalysts interact, they can exhibit synergistic behavior that enhances the chemical activity above what is possible with either process alone. Unlike thermal catalysis, in plasma-assisted catalysis non-equilibrium state of plasma produces reactive intermediates, such as excited species, may play an important role catalytic process. There are two primary plasma-surface mechanisms could produce this synergy: effect on catalyst (e.g. enhanced...