Plant roots and animal guts have evolved specialized cell layers to control mineral nutrient homeostasis. These must tolerate the resident microbiota while keeping homeostatic integrity. Whether how root diffusion barriers in endodermis, which are critical for balance of plants, coordinate with is unknown. We demonstrate that genes controlling endodermal function model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contribute microbiome assembly. characterized a regulatory mechanism differentiation driven by...

Previous research has shown that resveratrol can increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the absence of improved cognitive performance healthy, young human subjects during cognitively demanding tasks. This lack effects may be due to low bioavailability and, turn, reduced bioefficacy vivo . Piperine alter polyphenol pharmacokinetics, but previous studies have not investigated whether this affects efficacy target compound. Therefore, objective present study was ascertain co-supplementation...

Induction of abiotic stress in tomato plants has been proposed as a mechanism for improving the nutritional quality fruits. However, occurrence biotic can interfere with normal responses. In this study, combined effect water and infection plant-parasitic nematodes on was investigated. Plants were exposed to one or both stresses, levels phenolic compounds, carotenoids, sugars fruits analyzed well physiological Levels carotenoids lycopene β-carotene lower water-stressed tomatoes but exhibited...

Abstract Single doses of resveratrol have previously been shown to increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) with no clear effect on cognitive function or mood in healthy adults. Chronic consumption may the poor bioavailability otherwise potentiate its psychological effects. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups study, a total sixty adults aged between 18 and 30 years received either placebo for 28 d. On 1st 28th day treatment, performance cognitively demanding tasks...

Scope The colonic metabolism of dietary flavonoids, phenolic acids and their metabolites is complex many conjugates have not yet been unambiguously identified in humans. Methods results Urine samples from nine healthy human volunteers obtained after the ingestion a puree five (poly)phenol‐rich berry fruits were analysed using LC‐Orbitrap MS to provide preliminary indication possible based on exact mass. In most cases, identity compounds was confirmed standards produced either chemically or...

Green tea catechins (GTC) reduce UV radiation (UVR)-induced inflammation in experimental models, but human studies are scarce and their cutaneous bioavailability mechanism of photoprotection unknown. We aimed to examine oral GTC uptake, ability protect skin against erythema induced by a UVR dose range impact on potent cyclo-oxygenase- lipoxygenase-produced mediators inflammation, PGE2 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), respectively. In an open intervention study, sixteen healthy...

Hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside (hesperidin) reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers but its intestinal absorption and metabolism are not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine sites of dietary flavanone glycosides humans.Using a single-blind, randomized crossover design, perfused equimolar amounts hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside hesperetin-7-O-glucoside directly into the proximal jejunum volunteers. We assessed appearance metabolites perfusate, urine, excretion, compared this oral...

Gastric absorption of feruloylquinic acid and di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic analogs has never been investigated despite their potential contribution to the proposed beneficial health effects leading reduced risk type 2 diabetes. Using a cultured gastric epithelial model, with an acidic apical pH, relative permeability coefficients (<i>P</i>_app) metabolic fate series chlorogenic acids (CGAs) were investigated. Mechanistic studies performed in basal direction demonstrated differential...

Berry fruits are a good source of phenolic compounds and thus, potentially beneficial to health. Phenolic mainly present as variety conjugated forms, either with sugars via O-glycosidic bonds or other polyols esters. This chemodiversity makes characterization identification highly demanding. Selected varieties commercial blueberries, raspberries blackberries the two wild berries Portuguese crowberry strawberry tree were characterized for individual content by liquid chromatography–diode...

Safe systemic protection from the health hazards of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight is desirable. Green tea consumed globally and reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be mediated through impact on cyclooxygenase lipoxygenase pathways. Recent data suggest that green catechins (GTCs) reduce acute UVR effects, but human trials examining their photoprotective potential are scarce. We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial examine whether GTCs...

There is significant interest in the direct antioxidant activities of dietary polyphenols, due to associations between consumption polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, decreased incidence oxidative-stress related disease. However, indirect action, inhibition ROS-producing enzymes, may be equally relevant health benefits through a general reduction oxidative stress vivo. To this end, effects food extracts individual compounds on vitro activity xanthine oxidase (XO) were...

Dietary flavonoids may protect against sunburn inflammation in skin. Preliminary reports using less complete analysis suggest that certain catechins and their metabolites are found skin biopsies blister fluid after consumption of green tea; however, it is not known if they affected by solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or whether conjugated forms, with consequently altered bioactivity, present. The present study tested the hypothesis UVR affects catechin levels healthy volunteers...

Lactase phlorizin hydrolase is a small intestinal brush border enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of milk sugar, lactose, and also many flavonoid glucosides. We demonstrate epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), principal from green tea, inhibits in vitro lactose by lactase. then tested hypothesis salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) could modulate this inhibition stabilize EGCG. Inhibition EGCG digestive enzymes (α-amylase > chymotrypsin trypsin lactase ≫ pepsin) was alleviated ∼2−6-fold...

There is a considerable need to rationalize the membrane permeability and mechanism of transport for potential nutraceuticals. The aim this investigation was develop theoretical equation, based on reported descriptive absorption model, enabling calculation transcellular component across Caco-2 monolayers. Published data 30 drugs transported by route were correlated with descriptors 1-octanol/water distribution coefficient (log D, pH 7.4) size, molecular mass. Nonlinear regression analysis...

Several studies have shown beneficial associations between tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) fracture risk. Current investigations into potential mechanisms of benefit are focused upon the F polyphenol components tea. However, previous pointed towards caffeine as a risk factor for low BMD high Tea, therefore, represents an interesting paradox mildly caffeinated beverage that may enhance health. Fruit vegetable intake has also been associated with BMD, it is now apparent several...

Why was the work done: The incorporation of unmalted barley at high proportion in grist can introduce unfavourable bitter and astringent characteristics to beer, resulting an upper limit on used. flavour active compounds from raw which contribute these beer remain be identified. How This study used non-targeted metabolomics determine non-volatile metabolites could differences when brewing with barley. Three beers were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)...

Hop leaves, a by-product from hop cone harvesting, contain phenolic compounds of potential value for food or beverage applications. However, the abundant phenolics in leaves remain largely unquantified. This study quantified over two crop years, three commercially significant varieties, at different developmental stages post-flowering. Ethanolic extracts were characterised using LC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD annotation quantification bitter resins. leaf profile exhibited considerable...

Urinary biomarkers of plant food supplement (PFS) exposure/intake represent an accurate, objective tool for determining PFS consumption in humans with applications ranging from epidemiology to subject compliance clinical trials. Ginkgo biloba remains one the worlds most popular PFS, yet few studies have investigated uptake and metabolism its primary unique bioactives: terpene lactones. To this end, we conducted a dual-dose, acute crossover intervention using G. supplements healthy...