Terahertz spectrometers and imaging systems are currently being evaluated as biomedical tools for skin burn assessment. These show promise, but due to their size weight, they have restricted portability, impractical military battlefield settings where space is limited. In this study, we developed tested the performance of a compact, light, portable THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) device. Optical properties were collected with system from 0.1 1.6 water, ethanol, several ex vivo porcine...

Abstract Background Terahertz (THz) radiation sources are increasingly being used in military, defense, and medical applications. However, the biological effects associated with this type of not well characterized. In study, we evaluated cellular molecular response human dermal fibroblasts exposed to THz radiation. Methods vitro exposures were performed a temperature‐controlled chamber using gas laser (2.52 THz, 84.8 mW cm −2 , durations: 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 minutes). Both computational...

In this study, we determined the LD50 (50% lethal dose) for cell death, and ED50 of population staining positive) propidium (Pr) iodide uptake, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization several commonly studied lines (HeLa, Jurkat, U937, CHO-K1, GH3) exposed to 10-ns electric pulses (EP). We found that varied substantially across studied, increasing from 51 J/g Jurkat 1861 HeLa. PS externalized at doses equal or lower than required death in all ranging 199 CHO-K1. Pr uptake occurred three...

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) perturb membranes of cultured mammalian cells in a dose‐dependent manner with different types exhibiting characteristic survivability. Adherent appear more robust than non‐adherent during whole‐cell exposure. We hypothesize that cellular elasticity based upon the actin cytoskeleton is contributing parameter, and alteration cell's cortex will significantly affect viability nsPEF Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) are (a) untreated, (b) treated latrunculin A...

Optoacoustic (OA) microscopy using an all-optical system based on the probe beam deflection technique (PBDT) for detection of laser-induced acoustic signals was investigated as alternative to conventional piezoelectric transducers. PBDT provides a number advantages OA including (i) efficient coupling laser excitation energy samples being imaged through probing beam, (ii) undistorted waves detector without need separation optical and paths, (iii) high sensitivity (iv) ultrawide bandwidth....

The cellular response to subtle membrane damage following exposure nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) is not well understood. Recent work has shown that when cells are exposed nsPEF, ion permeable nanopores (<2 nm) created in the plasma contrast larger diameter pores (>2 by longer micro- and millisecond duration pulses. Nanoporation of nsPEF been cause a transient increase intracellular calcium concentration within milliseconds after exposure. Our research objective determine impact...

The persistent influx of ions through nanopores created upon cellular exposure to nanosecond pulse electric fields (nsPEF) could be used modulate neuronal function. One ion, calcium (Ca(2+)), is important action potential firing and regulates many ion channels. However, uncontrolled hyper-excitability neurons leads Ca(2+) overload neurodegeneration. Thus, prevent unintended consequences nsPEF-induced neural stimulation, knowledge optimum parameters required. We determined the relationship...

A bipolar (BP) nanosecond electric pulse (nsEP) exposure generates reduced calcium influx compared to a unipolar (UP) nsEP. This attenuated physiological response from BP nsEP is termed "bipolar cancellation" (BPC). The predominant parameters that induce BPC consist of positive polarity (↑) front followed by the delivery negative (↓) back equal voltage and width; thereby duration twice UP exposure. We tested these parameters, discovered with symmetrical widths not required generate BPC. For...

The mechanism(s) responsible for the breakdown (nanoporation) of cell plasma membranes after nanosecond pulse (nsEP) exposure remains poorly understood. Current theories focus exclusively on electrical field, citing electrostriction, water dipole alignment and/or electrodeformation as primary mechanisms pore formation. However, delivery a high-voltage nsEP to cells by tungsten electrodes creates multitude biophysical phenomena, including electrohydraulic cavitation, electrochemical...

To better understand the cellular and molecular responses to overexposure millimeter waves, alterations in gene expression profile histology of skin after exposure 35 GHz radiofrequency radiation were investigated. Rats subjected sham exposure, 42 degrees C environmental heat, or waves at 75 mW/cm(2). Skin samples collected 6 24 h for Affymetrix GeneChip analysis. The was harvested from a separate group rats 3-6 24-48 histopathology Microscopic findings observed dermis exposed included...

High-amplitude, MV/m, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have been hypothesized to cause nanoporation of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization has observed on outer leaflet membrane shortly after nsPEF exposure, suggesting local structural changes in In this study, we utilized fluorescently-tagged Annexin V observe PS isolated Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells following exposure nsPEF. A series experiments were performed determine dosimetric trends expression...

Cell suspensions of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus were exposed to 600-ns pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) at varying amplitudes (Low-13.5, Mid-18.5 or High-23.5 kV cm-1) pulse numbers (0 (sham), 1, 5, 10, 100 1000) a 1 hertz (Hz) repetition rate. The induced temperature rise generated these exposure parameters, hereafter termed thermal gradient, was measured applied independently cell in order differentiate inactivation triggered by field (E-field) from heating. Treated...

Collective motions of water and many biological macromolecules have characteristic time scales on the order a picosecond. As result, these biomolecules can strongly absorb terahertz (THz) radiation. Due to this absorption, THz radiation exert diverse range effects structures. For example, has been shown impact structure, functional activity, dynamics such as DNA proteins. affect several gene expression pathways and, consequently, alter various biochemical physiological processes in cells....

Nanosecond electric pulse (nsEP) exposure generates an array of physiological effects. The extent these effects is impacted by whether the nsEP a unipolar (UP) or bipolar (BP) exposure. A 600 ns can generate 71% more YO‐PRO‐1 uptake compared to + This observation termed “bipolar cancellation” (BPC) because despite BP consisting additional pulse, it reduced membrane perturbation. BPC achieved varying amplitudes, and symmetrical asymmetric widths. effect appears reverse increasing interphase...

In animal wound models, accelerated closure has been shown by use of polihexanide applied in antimicrobially effective concentrations. Additionally, an increased ATP production keratinocytes vitro induced was demonstrated and interpreted as a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. Based these results the clinical reports improved healing after introduction for preoperative antisepsis nasal cavity, tested model respiratory ciliary epithelial cells allowing measurement process artificial...

The effects of Terahertz (THz) radiation on biological materials are not well characterized. In this study, we show that 2.52 THz triggers human cells to dramatically up-regulate the expression genes encode for proteins involved in cellular stress response and inflammation.