The study assesses dynamics of transboundary water cooperation in the Mekong River Basin focusing on relationships between China and Lower countries, namely, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. Water diplomacy is deployed as an analytical framework to investigate extent which China's Lancang Cooperation (LMC) since 2015 has carved out a new geopolitical, economic, environmental landscape. LMC become influential competes with other mechanisms, such Commission. shared more hydrological...

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the extent which cooperative relationship between China and downstream countries in Mekong River basin has evolved relation various benefits shared these riparian from 1990s present. Benefit sharing is deployed as an analytical framework. Larger obtained through cooperation have led become more with countries, seen Greater Subregion programme. The establishment of a new form river hinges upon ability share socio-economic, political, energy security...

Proposed is a polymeric variable optical attenuator based on long range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs) along thin metal stripe embedded in polymers. The device operated by controlling radiation loss of the LRSPP mode resulting from temperature gradient polymer cladding caused heater. For guiding LRSPPs and efficient coupling singlemode fibres, gold stripes 20 nm thick, 4 µm wide 1 cm are utilised. To obtain physical lifetime, heater formed top with 200 Au film which about ten times...

In this work, an Adaptive Channel Hopping (ACH) mechanism for sensor networks is proposed to avoid interference from other sources and narrow-band jamming. Under unfavorable channel conditions, ACH lets sensors switch a new operating channel. reduces the scanning selection latency by ordering available channels using link quality indicator measurements weights. The scheme evaluated through simulations hardware implementation, which suggest low high even in very adverse conditions.

Swathes of global water challenges, such as shortages, pollution, water-related disasters, and degradation environments, have seriously threatened human development. The discussion security or insecurity has been instrumental in drawing the attention political leaders thanks to its nature strategic urgent messages for society take action. This study introduces a modified concept definition assessment framework based on review previous works security; intends shed light five core areas: (1)...

This research aims to analyze environmental movements and social organizations in Shanghai since the late 1990s. The study reveals that civil society has increasingly had an impact on environmentally unfriendly policies given priority of economic well-being every aspect society. development protection was identified through fieldwork carried out 2002. Alongside existing already engaged protection, there also emergence new organizations. Most NGOs Shanghai—spearheaded by university...

This paper makes an estimation of the monetary damages caused by a snowfall-related natural disaster over period 1985-2012.Economic are estimated for disaster, employing economic, demographic and climate data with Tobit models censored samples.This provides basic framework understanding disasters as interaction between factors socio-economic ones.However, it seems to true that frequent and/or more intensive weather-related hazards have happened study period, although some findings from this...

A mobile three-dimensional image acquisition and reconstruction system using a computer-generated integral imaging technique is proposed. depth camera connected to the device acquires color data of real object simultaneously, an elemental array generated based on original information for object, with lens specifications input into device. The visualization reconstructed display through optical or digital methods. proposed implemented successfully experimental results certify that effective...

This study explored the feasibility of height distributional metrics and intensity values extracted from low-density airborne light detection ranging (lidar) data to estimate plot volumes in dense Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plots. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed using lidar metrics. The candidate variables for predicting volume evaluated three sets: total, canopy, integrated All intensities returns used corrected by reference distance. Regression models developed each...

This letter presents a joint approach to the symbol-error probability (SEP) of coherent M-ary phase-shift keying in situation where phase error, quadrature and in-phase-quadrature (I-Q) gain mismatch problems take place all concurrently over an additive white Gaussian noise arbitrary fading channel. A set equations that characterizes conditional SEP on instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio is derived form Craig representation.

The study analyses the newly established river basin management system in South Korea since 2018 Framework Act on Water Management. Several organizations have been introduced Korea. Most of responsibilities related to water policy transferred Ministry Environment. There has almost no transformation supporting despite enshrinement principle due apparent lack interest by ministry. Good awareness and measures both local nationwide are warranted ensure that is operational successful.

This paper contributes to the current literature on relationship between populist rule and liberal democracy by conducting quantitative research with a time-series cross-sectional dataset covering 18 Latin American countries from 1991 2017. The findings reveal an overall negative correlation quality of democratic institutions, highlighting their inherent incompatibility. Nevertheless, this argues that several factors influence governing populists' ability erode democracy. Specifically, it is...

We investigated the spatial distributions and changes by period of disaster areas due to heavy rainfall using amounts damages data at all cities guns (county-level) in South Korea during 1981-2012.The severe damage were distributed upper region Han River northern lower regions Geum Youngsan western 1980s.The decreased from 1990s until 2000s.On other hand, those including mountainous Gangwon province increased 2000s.The most rains July, followed August, September, June.The over whole country...

Many countries are converting their analog communication and broadcasting services into digital services. However, radio service is still an issue to be addressed. In order provide service, it very important choose the most appropriate method for frequency environment listeners. This paper depicts laboratory test results of in-band technologies, HD Radio DRM+. To contribute decision standard design transmission network, various many items expressed.

Lee, J.-S.; Son, D.-H.; S.-H.; Myeong, H.-H.; Cho, J.-C.; J.-Y.; Park, C.-S., and Kim, J.-W., 2020. Canonical correspondence analysis ordinations competitor, stress tolerator, ruderal strategies of coastal dune plants in South Korea. Journal Coastal Research, 36(3), 528–535. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The distribution plant communities the sand dunes SW coasts Korea was studied, along with environmental factors traits, by canonical (CCA). The (CSR) ecological were also...

A 16-arrayed polymeric optical modulator is fabricated using an electrooptic (EO) polymer with a large EO coefficient and good thermal stability. The has lumped-type electrodes response time of less than 1 ns. uniform modulation characteristics between the individual modulators. deviation half-wave voltages 0.2 V that insertion losses about dB. Crosstalks range from -28 to -36 dB extinction ratios are more 21

토지이용변화에 따른 산림탄소저장량 변화는 기후변화협약에서 요구하는 주요 자료 중 하나이다. IPCC 우수실행지침(intergovernmental panel on climate change good practice guidance, GPG) 수준 3에 근거하여 공간적으로 명확한 산림탄소저장량을 추정하게 되면 높은 신뢰도를 확보할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 추정 방법은 표본점(sample plot) 단위의 국가산림자원조사 (national forest inventory, NFI) 자료만을 이용하여 행정구역별 평균을 집계하는 것으로 폴리곤 혹은 셀 상세한 탄소저장량을 파악할 없었다. 이를 보완하기 위해 유럽, 북미 등에서는 NFI 자료, 원격탐사 및 GIS 기술을 결합하여 추정하기 위한 노력이 활발히 이루어져왔다. 주요국의 연구 동향을 활용 기법에 따라 분류해보면 원격탐사, GIS, 지구통계 환경변수 모델링 등 크게 4가지 범주로 나눌 이 가장 손쉽게 국내 적용을 고려해 볼 있는...

Polarization-dependent wavelength shift of a birefringent-polymeric arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is found to be adjusted simply by controlling the thickness first upper cladding layer while forming several sublayers. reduced 0.08 from 4.24 nm in 16 /spl times/ channel AWG on silicon substrate this method.