ABSTRACT High diarrheal disease burden remains an urgent concern in low- and middle-income countries, greatly affecting children under the age of 5 years those living with HIV AIDS. Treatment infectious diseases has also become increasingly difficult rapid rise antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Environmental surveillance wastewater can supplement gaps clinical as residents on a sewage system contribute to wastewater, providing simple, composite samples that improve understanding about both...

Malnutrition continues to be a problem, with sub-Saharan Africa affected the worst. Women and children are at pinnacle of this problem. The perpetual scourge malnutrition in urban periurban settings, coupled levels vegetable consumption below recommended amounts, major problem most African countries including West cities. A household survey was conducted between November December 2013 (dry season) around Tamale, Ghana as part an food system analysis, understand production its contribution...

Abstract There is growing evidence of urban poverty in and around cities sub-Saharan Africa the form food nutrition insecurity. Although many studies have been done across on agriculture, insecurity, little known about association agriculture to household insecurity along urban–rural continuum, especially West African cities. Therefore, a survey was carried out between August September 2014 Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), using transect approach guide data collection. The purpose this study...

We aimed to perform a risk assessment in rural setting, where drinking water is obtained from both protected and unprotected deep or shallow wells, boreholes springs. Water consumed untreated this poses of acquiring waterborne infections that may cause diarrhea.The study included 113 participants who volunteered Chiweshe community (Musarara village) Mashonaland Central Province Zimbabwe. There were 34 (30%) males 79 (70%) females with ages ranging 2 89 years. HIV counseling was carried out...

Malnutrition is still prevalent worldwide, and its severity, which differs between regions countries, has led to international organisations proposing inclusion in the global development framework that will succeed Millennium Development Goals (post-2015 framework). In Sub-Saharan Africa, malnutrition particularly severe, among women children under 5 years. The prevalence of been reported differing from region country country. Nevertheless, little known about how multiple locations along an...

Immune activation, which is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, a strong predictor disease progression in HIV infection. Inflammation critical neuronal damage linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. We examined relationship between plasma cytokine levels and deficits function. Multiplex profiling Luminex® technology was used quantify 27 cytokines/chemokines from 139 samples people living with (PLWH). The markers, clinical parameters, cognitive impairment,...

To improve maternity services in any country, there is need to monitor the quality of obstetric care. There usually disparity care and outcomes most countries among women giving birth different units. However, comparing difficult because heterogeneous population characteristics difference prevalence complications. The concept standard primipara was introduced as a tool control for these various confounding factors. This used compare districts geographical locations Zimbabwe. substudy...

There is increasing evidence that HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. We investigated relationship between subtype C Vpr sequence variation and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment as measured by global deficit score (GDS) treatment-naive individuals. used different bioinformatic tools statistical models to correlate vpr function. identified a tyrosine at position 45 (45Y) signature for histidine (45H) non-impaired The presence...

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of p53 codon 72 polymorphism in Zimbabwean women and risk cervical cancer Study Design: Case-control study Place Duration Study: Parirenyatwa Referral Hospital Harare between January December 2014. Methodology: Genomic DNA from patients without was extracted whole blood genotyping performed using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length method. Results: The frequencies Arg/Arg; Arg/Pro Pro/Pro genotypes Short Research Article...

Abstract It is not known if proviral DNA in the periphery corresponds to cognitive status clade C as it does B and recombinant forms. A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants investigated for HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment South Africa. HIV-1 quantified using a PCR assay targeting highly conserved LTR-gag region. Fifty-four (36.7%) were cognitively impaired 93 (63.3%) impaired. Forty-three (79.6%) of female 11 (20.4%) male. There no significant age difference between...

Aims: To evaluate a tuberculosis surveillance system (TBSS) in Harare. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Harare City Health Department, Zimbabwe, between January 2013 to September 2013. Methodology: Standard CDC evaluation guidelines were employed assess the performance TBSS City. care officers involved TB recruited. Data collected using questionnaire analysed. Results: Respondents knowledgeable about TBSS, with 93% being aware Original Research...

Zimbabwe is one of the 30 countries globally with a high burden multidrug-resistant TB or rifampicin-resistant TB. The World Health Organization recommended that patients diagnosed be treated 20-24 month standardized second-line drugs since 2010. However, factors associated mortality and treatment success have not been systematically evaluated in Zimbabwe. Objective study was to assess Mortality among multidrug-resistant-TB registered under National Tuberculosis programme Zimbabwe.the...

This study was an assessment of the coinfection status patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B (HBV) in Lesotho, this has been rarely reported.This a retrospective study, laboratory setting, on HBV/HIV among 304 HIV-positive who were screened for HBsAg St Joseph's Hospital records between March 2011 December 2013. Demographic characteristics, HIV status, indications screening, results liver function test including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate (AST) alkaline...

Boophone disticha is commonly used in southern Africa for the management of mental-related illnesses. Recently, it was shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) maternally separated mice immediately after withdrawal treatment. However, long-term cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanisms are still illusive. Based on reputed traditional use plant anxiety stress-related disorders, aqueous-ethanolic extract B. screened its autonomic responses repeated acute stressors adult early BALB/c mice....

Central nervous system dysfunction, associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, remains a significant clinical concern, affecting at least 50% of infected people. Imbalances in cytokine expression levels have been linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. The aim this study was evaluate plasma as predictor impairment HIV infection using multiplex profiling kit. Stepwise regression model used identify biomarkers overall and domain-specific cognitive performance....

Introduction: There is high malaria related morbidity and mortality amongst infants children in endemic areas. An In-depth understanding of protective immunity correlates enables the long due necessary development an effective vaccine. This study aimed at evaluating antibody responses to apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA 1) that helps P falciparum entry into red blood cells, Glutamate rich protein (GLURP), expressed whole life cycle causing pathogen, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP coding for...

The overall mortality rate in the first 28 days was 51.2%. Mortality ELBW 91.1%, VLBW - 54.4% and LBW 28.8%. More than half deaths (53%) happened 48 hours of life predominantly 12 hours. independent risk factors for were Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), (RR 1.58 (95% CI 1.039-2.405)) infants born to mothers with Diabetes Mellitus 2.31 (95 % 1.46-3.65).