Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, with type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia being most common. Past studies associate cognitive decline attributed to hippocampal neurodegeneration emanating from oxidative stress. However, findings animal models are debatable as involve a disturbance in the leptin signaling pathway. Therefore, we investigated associated stress Zucker Diabetic-Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) it maintains an intact We used 15-week-old,...

Abstract Dietary manipulations during the early postnatal period are associated with development of metabolic disorders including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or long-term protection against dysfunction. We investigated potential hepatoprotective effects neonatal administration oleanolic acid (OA), a phytochemical, on subsequent in adulthood, dietary fructose-induced NAFLD. Male and female suckling rats ( n =112) were gavaged with; distilled water (DW), OA (60 mg/kg), high...

Fructose and cholesterol-rich diets have been implicated in the upsurge of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Phytochemicals are being explored as alternatives for prevention management MetS. Thirty-six 21-day-old, female Sprague Dawley rats fed a high-fructose, high-cholesterol diet post-weaning were used to investigate prophylactic potential quercetin. Group 1 was given standard rat chow (SRC); 2: SRC quercetin (75 mg kg

Fructose contributes to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). β-Sitosterol (Bst), a naturally occurring phytosterol, has antihyperlipidaemic and hepatoprotective properties. This study interrogated potential protective effect β-sitosterol against NAFLD in growing rats fed high-fructose diet, modelling children obesogenic diets. Forty-four 21 day old male rat pups were randomly allocated administered following treatments for 12 weeks: group I, standard chow (SRC) +...

The suspensory ligamentous system of the penis supports when erect and plays a key role during coitus. These ligaments, which are prone to injury coitus, clinically important in penile reconstruction procedures.

Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide commonly detected in groundwater. Several studies have focused on its immunological and endocrine effects adult Xenopus laevis species. However, we investigated the impact of atrazine renal hepatic biochemistry histomorphology male frogs. Forty frogs were allocated to four treatment groups (control, one ATZ (0.01 µg/L), two (200 µg/L) three (500 10 animals per group, for 90 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) creatinine levels increased significantly (p <...

Nerve entrapment syndromes occur because of anatomic constraints at specific locations in both upper and lower limbs. Anatomical prone to nerve include sites where a courses through fibro-osseous or fibromuscular tunnels penetrates muscle. The median (MN) can be entrapped by the ligament Struthers; thickened biceps aponeurosis; between superficial deep heads pronator teres muscle proximal edge flexor digitorum superficialis A few cases MN neuropathies encountered are reported idiopathic....

Alcohol consumption alongside combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has attracted research interest, especially because of increasing male infertility.This study investigated the combined effects alcohol and cART on testicular morphology, biomarkers oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis.Rats, weighing 330-370 g, were divided into four groups six animals each; control, treated (A), cART, plus (A+cART).Following 90 days treatment period, euthanized, testis extracted, routinely...

Generation of neurons in the brains adult birds has been studied extensively telencephalon song and few studies are reported on distribution PCNA DCX non-song learning birds. We report here neurogenesis throughout two breeds domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica), racing homer utility carneau using endogenous immunohistochemical markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for cells doublecortin (DCX) immature migrating neurons. The immunoreactivity was very similar both pigeon with...

S-allyl cysteine (SAC) has antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiobesity properties. We hypothesized that neonatal oral administration of SAC would protect rats against adulthood high-fructose diet-induced adverse metabolic outcomes in adulthood. In total, 112 (males=56; females=56), 4-day-old Wistar rat pups were randomly allocated to groups administered the following treatment regimens daily for 15 days from postnatal day (PND) 6-20: group I - 10 ml/kg distilled water, II 20% fructose solution...

Overconsumption of fructose time dependently induces the development non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether ursolic acid (UA) intake by new-born rats would protect against fructose-induced NAFLD. One hundred and seven male female Sprague Dawley rat pups were randomly grouped gavaged (10 ml/kg body weight) with either 0.5% dimethylsulphoxide (vehicle control), 0.05% UA, 50% mixed UA (0.05%) or alone, from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P20. Post-weaning (P21-P69),...

The prevalence of diabetic patients who abuse alcohol while on combination antiretroviral drug therapy (cART) is rising in society. Little known about the impact this scenario testes and male reproductive viability, therefore, these factors were evaluated. Thirty 10-week-old Sprague Dawley rats distributed into five groups six each: control, only (DM), treated with (DM+A), Atripla, fixed-dose cART (DM+cART), both (DM+A+cART). After 90 days treatment, terminated, blood harvested for...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health challenge with increased morbidity and mortality rates yearly. Herbal medicine has provided an alternative approach to treating T2D limited access formal healthcare. Tectona grandis being used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes. The present study investigated antidiabetic potential T. leaves different solvent extractions, crude extract that demonstrated best activity was further fractionated through solvent–solvent partitioning. ethyl acetate...

Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most serious non-communicable diseases, has long-term negative effects on healthcare system due to its microvascular and macrovascular manifestations, which can be fatal if left untreated. Nutraceuticals, other hand, are alternative therapy choices orally consumed natural food ingredients applicable in management several including diabetes mellitus. Through their antioxidant capabilities bioactive components, nutraceuticals have been clinically demonstrated...

The unrelenting increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) necessitates urgent need for effective animal models to mimic its pathophysiology. Zebrafish possess human-like metabolic traits and share significant genetic similarities, making them valuable candidates studying disorders, including T2D. This review emphasizes critical role research, especially focusing on zebrafish as an alternative model organism. Different approaches a non-genetic T2D zebrafish, such glucose solution,...

S-Allyl cysteine (SAC) is found in garlic and has been reported to exert antidiabetic antiobesity properties drug-induced adult experimental models of metabolic dysfunction, but its potential beneficial effects high-fructose diet neonatal rat have not determined. This study investigated the prophylactic SAC fed suckling pups modelling human neonates a diet. Four-day-old male (n=32) female Wistar pups, were randomly assigned administered following treatment regimens daily for 15 days: group...

Several studies have identified age as one of the strongest regulators neurogenesis in mammalian brain. However, previous age-related focused mainly on changes during different stages adulthood and did not describe through life history animal. The aim this study was therefore to determine time course male BALB/c mouse brain at postnatal ages 1 week 12 weeks, spanning juvenile, sub adult stages. To achieve this, Ki-67 DCX immunohistochemistry used assess cell proliferation neuronal...

There is an increased prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in adolescents. The suckling period developmentally plastic, affecting later health outcomes. We investigated whether neonatal administration curcumin would provide protection against the development NASH adolescence rats fed a high-fructose diet. From postnatal day (PN) 6 to PN 21, pups (N = 128) were allocated four groups and orally gavaged daily with either 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide solution (vehicle control), (500...

Most avian neurogenesis studies have previously focused on the song control system and little attention has been given to non-song birds.The objective of this study was assess changes in associated with post-hatching age (3-12 weeks) Japanese quail brain using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. PCNA-immunoreactive (ir) cells were observed mainly olfactory bulb ventricular zone, telencephalic zones cerebellum.Fewer PCNA-ir also hypothalamus,...

Diabetes, alcohol abuse, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) use have been reported to cause multi-organ complications via induction of oxidative stress inflammation. Moreover, these are the most common factors implicated in male reproductive dysfunctions. This study evaluated testicular stress, inflammation, apoptosis, germ cell proliferation diabetic rats receiving or cART their combination. Thirty adult Sprague Dawley were divided into five groups, each consisting six rats;...

The anti-obesogenic and hepatoprotective properties of crude Moringa oleifera seed extract make it a potential prophylactic ethnomedicine against diet-induced fatty liver disease. This study interrogated the hydroethanolic M. to protect high-fructose Eighty-eight 21-day old female male Sprague–Dawley rat pups were randomly allocated administered one following five treatment regimens (8 rats 9–10 per treatment) daily for 12 weeks: group I – plain drinking water (PW) + gelatine cube (PC), II...

Boophone disticha is commonly used in southern Africa for the management of mental-related illnesses. Recently, it was shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) maternally separated mice immediately after withdrawal treatment. However, long-term cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanisms are still illusive. Based on reputed traditional use plant anxiety stress-related disorders, aqueous-ethanolic extract B. screened its autonomic responses repeated acute stressors adult early BALB/c mice....