Three sets of in vitro rumen fermentation experiments were conducted to determine the effects diets that included malted barley (MB) and basal (grain- forage-based) on gas production, greenhouse (GHG) emissions, profiles, microbiome changes when supplemented with feedlot or dairy rations. The first experiment (Exp. 1) was evaluate various levels MB (0% [referred as a control], 10%, 20%, 30%, as-fed basis) grain-based diet ration (2.5 g/bottle) after 48 h ruminal incubation GHG rate. second...

Purpose This study is to examine the impact of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and Ohmic heating on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow with mass transport over a horizontally stretching surface. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model non-Newtonian fluid along two viscosity models convective boundary condition has been employed. Tri-hybrid nanofluid used increase performance. Design/methodology/approach Governing mathematical transposed into dimensionless system ordinary differential equations...

The steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid over an exponentially stretching surface in the presence uniform magnetic field with thermal radiation are investigated. governing equations transformed to ordinary differential by taking suitable similarity transformation solved numerically shooting method. effects various parameters such as parameter, Prandtl number Eckert on local skin-friction coefficient,...

Particle shape effect on two-dimensional steady magnetohydrodynamic Marangoni boundary layer flow and radiation heat transfer of an incompressible electrically conducting copper-water nanofluid driven by exponential temperature is examined. By using suitable similarity transformations, governing partial differential equations are reduced into nonlinear ordinary equations. Transformed solved numerically Galerkin finite element method. Effects relevant physical parameters such as solid volume...

Nanofluids accomplish better results in heat transfer practices due to their exceptional thermal characteristics than traditional fluids. This study reports the thermophysical behavior of carbon nanotube-based nanofluid flow through an exponentially stretched Riga plate, along with contribution variable dynamic viscosity, velocity slip, and viscous dissipation impacts. Nanofluid consists single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) multi-walled (MWCNTs) aqueous solution. Boundary layer is intended be...

A theoretical investigation is presented to describe a two-dimensional unsteady flow of viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid over stretching permeable surface taking into account transverse magnetic field constant strength. The governing boundary layer equations for the problem are formulated and converted nonlinear ordinary differential then solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. Influences many parameters, like, suction or...

In this paper the effect of different acid oxidation on morphology, dispersion and optical band gap multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported. Oxidation CVD synthesized MWCNTs were carried out in 8M HNO3, H2SO4, HNO3/H2O2 H2SO4/HNO3. Oxidized sample characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA, UV-Vis spectroscopy Raman analysis. Oxidized-nanotubes show a lower shift XRD peak an increase d-spacing, which implies deterioration MWNTs. New peaks FT-IR spectra oxidized-nanotube samples at around...

This article is subjected to the characteristics of an electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) boundary layer movement a nanofluid induced by Gailitis device with variable thickness. A viscous incompressible Prandtl-Eyring saturates porous medium through Darcy-Forchheimer expression. Heat transfer process involves influence non-linear thermal radiation, dissipation, non-uniform heat source/sink, and convective conditions. Moreover, Brownian motion thermophoresis mechanisms are taken into...

This paper is devoted to analyze computational simulation study the partial slip and thermal radiation effects on flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid through an exponentially stretching surface with suction or blowing in presence magnetic field. Using suitable similarity variables, non-linear boundary-layer PDE are converted ODE solved numerically by Runge-Kutta fourth order method association shooting technique. Effects parameter, velocity Prandtl number, Eckert...

Abstract A prime concern of this analysis is to investigate a steady, two‐dimensional, axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow TiO 2 –CuO/ethylene glycol (TiO –CuO/EG) hybrid nanofluid through radially stretched disk. Effects thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating along convective boundary conditions have been taken into consideration. Suitable similarity conversions employed simplify the set controlling partial differential equations arising model....

In this analysis, a computational study is performed to discuss the two-dimensional, steady, incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic CNT-water nanofluid flow along with impacts of thermal radiation, Marangoni convection, viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Single wall carbon nanotube multiple are taken into account. Problem modeled then solved by applying Galerkin finite element method. Results on velocity temperature distributions for influences suction parameter, exponent constant, solid...

A numerical study of the effect viscous dissipation and Joule heating on steady two-dimensional incompressible stagnation point flow electrically conducting nanofluids along with suction/injection at a stretching/shrinking surface embedded in saturated porous medium magnetic field is considered. The impact different types nanoparticles base fluid, heat generation/absorption, thermal radiation are also dealt with. Similarity transformations applied to reduce governing partial differential...

In this study, steady and incompressible MHD movement of a viscous nanofluid past non-linear stretching plate has been investigated mathematically by considering heat generation. Blood is employed as the base fluid. Mathematical modeling analysis are attended in presence permeable medium. Specifically, influences porosity generation explored. Numerical solution enlisted mathematical model carried out via an in-built bvp4c tool MATLAB software. Impact various parameters associated with system...

An analysis is made for the steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid near stagnation point past shrinking sheet with slip in presence magnetic field. The governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential by taking suitable similarity variables and solved numerically Shooting method. effects various parameters such as velocity ratio parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number parameter temperature distributions have...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate two-dimensional viscous incompressible magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer an electrically conducting fluid over a continuous moving flat surface considering the dissipation Joule heating. Design/methodology/approach Suitable similarity variables are introduced reduce governing nonlinear partial differential equations ordinary equations. A numerical solution resulting two-point value problem carried out by using finite...