The authors examined the development of oral language and decoding skills from preschool to early elementary school their relation beginning reading comprehension using a cross-sequential design. Four- 6-year-old children were tested on retested 2 years later. In all age groups, formed distinct clusters. clusters related each other in preschool, but this became weaker kindergarten 2nd grade. Structural equation modeling showed that both sets grade independently predicted child's...

This study examined the common and distinct contributions of context-free context reading skill to comprehension fluency. The 113 4th-grade participants were measured in comprehension, read aloud a folktale, folktale's words random list. Fluency was scaled as speed (words correctly 1 min) time (seconds per correct word). Relative list fluency, fluency stronger predictor comprehension. List each uniquely predicted but their relative depended on how (time or speed). Results support conclusion...

! central concern of this study is the problem identifying inferences that connect units in narrative discourse. A recursive transition network model described analyzes and represents a story as causal categorized clauses labeled relations. Procedural criteria used to identify assumptions operate over distances text are transitive, resulting representation, then tested. In each two experiments, naive judges rated strength relations between pairs sampled from four different stories. one...

Memory-based and constructionist processes have both been proposed as essential components of the activation concepts (e.g., propositions) establishment meaningful connections between during reading. In this article, we argue that a comprehensive theory reading comprehension should include sets processes. support view, summarize results several studies contribution addition, describe conceptual framework Landscape Model, in which memory-based are explicitly interconnected dynamically...

Abstract Many children struggle to learn read, and these difficulties can persist well into adulthood. To address this problem, researchers have investigated the processes that underlie reading. An informative body of work has thus identified basic skills (e.g., decoding, vocabulary knowledge) as necessary for successful Researchers also begun examine comprehension their contributions reading process. In article we describe research from cognitive sciences on higher-order, coherence-oriented...

Our aim in the present paper is to discuss a “cognitive view” of reading comprehension, with particular attention research findings that have potential improve our understanding difficulties comprehension. We provide an overview how specific sources inference making, executive functions, and allocation influence comprehension processes outcomes may lead problems. Finally, we consideration these difficulty practical implications for design selection instructional materials.

The purpose of this study was to examine the simple view reading (SVR) and contributions verbal proficiency fluency comprehension for fourth‐, seventh‐ ninth‐grade readers ( N =271). SVR explained a significant proportion variance in all grades with decreasing higher grades. by decoding decreased from fourth grade listening increased fourth‐ seventh‐grade, but did not change ninth‐grade. In grades, contributed substantial additional beyond SVR. Changes predictive relation between factors...

In the present study, we investigated degree to which children's inference generation ability generalises across different media and predicts narrative comprehension over above basic language skills vocabulary. To address both aims, followed two cohorts of children aged 4 6 as they turned 8 years old, respectively. At each time point assessed their using aural, televised written stories. We also The findings demonstrated that were highly inter‐related for at points. Also, had a significant...

Within the higher education context, peer feedback is frequently applied as an instructional method. Research on learning mechanisms involved in process has covered aspects of both providing and receiving feedback. However, a direct comparison impact that students' writing performance still lacking. The current study compared undergraduate students (N = 83) who either provided or received anonymous written context authentic academic task. In addition, we investigated whether perceptions were...

Peer feedback is frequently implemented with academic writing tasks in higher education. However, a quantitative synthesis still lacking for the impact that peer has on students' performance. The current study conveyed two types of observations. First, regarding performance, this synthesized results 24 studies reporting education performance after feedback. Engagement resulted larger improvements compared to (no-feedback) controls (g = 0.91 [0.41, 1.42]) and self-assessment 0.33 [0.01,...

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to develop a quantifiable, self‐assessment health‐related quality of life (QoL) instrument for use in cochlear implant (CI) users. DESIGN: Three principal domains were distinguished: physical, psychological, and social. Forty‐five postlingually deaf adult multichannel CI users 46 candidates on the waiting list CIs (control group) participated study. RESULTS: Retrospective scores group corresponded very well with control group. Current QoL substantially higher all 6...

The extent to which low- and high-WMC (working memory capacity) readers adjust cognitive processes fit the reading purpose was examined. Participants performed a verbal protocol task as they read an expository text under 1 of 2 conditions, entertainment or study, then completed free-recall task. When low-WMC emphasized less demanding over more greater than recalled less. for entertainment, patterns recall were similar across readers. Thus, all adjusted processing purpose; however, when that...

Memory-based and constructionist processes have both been proposed as essential components of the activation concepts (e.g., propositions) establishment meaningful connections between during reading. In this article, we argue that a comprehensive theory reading comprehension should include sets processes. support view, summarize results several studies contribution addition, describe conceptual framework Landscape Model, in which memory-based are explicitly interconnected dynamically...

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the effects of readers' incorrect knowledge on on‐line comprehension processes during reading science texts, with an eye towards examining conditions that encourage revision such knowledge. We employed computational (Landscape Model) and empirical (think‐aloud times) methods to compare by readers correct background knowledge, respectively. Science texts were presented in either regular or refutation versions; Prior research using off‐line suggests...

To study the effectiveness of ventilation tubes on language development in infants with persistent otitis media effusion (OME). All existing studies addressed children 3 years age or older. Currently, OME is detected and treated at a younger age. Because critical relationship between age, hearing, development, we conducted effects 1 to 2 old OME.A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (embedded cohort) treatment arms: 1) (VT group; n = 93); 2) period watchful waiting (WW 94). Hearing...

The aim of the present study was to investigate effects readers' misconceptions on text compre- hension. College students with in science were asked read and recall a that contradicted their misconceptions. Students no served as control group. Both online (think-aloud, reading times) offline (recall) measures obtained. results suggest often do not affect processes themselves but influence content those and, consequently, memory representation for after is completed. Much learning takes place...

The first goal of this study was to examine young children's developing narrative comprehension abilities using theory-based, authentic measures processes. second the relations among and other early reading skills. Children ages 4 6 listened or watched two narratives. We measured their these narratives as well vocabulary skills associated with word decoding. results revealed that even younger children were sensitive underlying structure sensitivity increased age. Measures not consistently...

The ability to read and comprehend texts is an essential component of successful functioning in our world. A substantial amount information comes us through written means, whether it regular print, Internet, or other media. Part this for enjoyment, part vital basic functioning--application forms tax that need be filled out, instructions operating a new car, prescription instructions, food labels, so forth. importance reading reflected school settings, both as primary means conveying...