Replicating human somatosensory networks in robots is crucial for dexterous manipulation, ensuring the appropriate grasping force objects of varying softness and textures. Despite advances artificial haptic sensing object recognition, accurately quantifying perceptions to discern texture remains challenging. Here, we report a methodology that uses bimodal sensor capture multidimensional static dynamic stimuli, allowing simultaneous quantification features. This method demonstrates...

To attach reliably on various inclined rough surfaces, many insects have evolved both claws and adhesive pads their feet. However, the interaction between these organs still remains unclear. Here we designed an artificial attachment device, which mimics structure function of pads, tested it stiff spheres different dimensions. The results show that forces decrease with increase sphere radius. may become very strong, when radius is smaller or comparable to claw radius, because frictional...

Aquatic locomotion is challenging for land-dwelling creatures because of the high degree fluidity with which water yields to loads. We surprisingly found that Chinese rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis , known its terrestrial acrobatics, could swiftly launch itself off water’s surface in around 25 ms and seamlessly transition into flight. Biological observations showed jumping grasshoppers use their front middle legs tilt up bodies first then lift by propelling toward lower back hind at angular...

This article introduces a gecko‐inspired, rolling, inward adhesion/outward release gripper with adhesive contact sensing for grasping convex‐to‐flat surfaces. The consists of pneumatically driven hierarchical modules (bio‐toe) the capability sensing, and rolling inward/outward module (rolling module). bio‐toe manufactured using soft materials can safely flexibly cater to curved flat developed four‐bar linkage mechanism allows opposing bio‐toes roll enhance adhesion (adhesion forces up 6.3 N...

Achieving strong adaptability and high-load capacity for small-scale soft robots remains a challenge in current robotics engineering. In this study, inspired by snail movement, we developed crawling robot capable of controllable locomotion carrying load 204 g-7.7 times its own weight-using just one single motor control. The measures 7.6 cm length, 3 width, 2.5 height, with total weight 26.5 g. anisotropic friction mechanism on the robot's bottom, comprising origami-based pad asymmetrical...

Remarkable progress has been made characterizing one of nature's most integrated, hierarchical structures––the fibrillar adhesive system geckos. Nonetheless, we lack an understanding how multiple toes coordinate to facilitate geckos' acrobatic locomotion. Here, tested the control function gecko by running them on vertical substrates varying in orientation, friction and roughness. Sideways wall-running geckos realigned their top feet upward resist gravity. Toe contact area was not...

The facial expressions of humanoid robots play a crucial role in human–computer information interactions. However, there is lack quantitative evaluation methods for the anthropomorphism robot expressions. In this study, we designed and manufactured head that was capable successfully realizing six basic driving force behind mechanism efficiently transmitted to silicone skin through rigid linkage drive snap button connection, which improves both efficiency lifespan skin. We used human as basis...

Abstract Adhesion achieved through feet setae is fundamental for gecko agilely maneuvering. Although diverse hypotheses have been proposed, none of them thoroughly explains the function, implying a kind hybrid-mechanism-based adhesion in geckos. In addition to van der Waals interactions and capillary force, electrostatic attraction that emerges from triboelectrification was suggested as component adhesion. Nevertheless, contribution by total attachment still controversial. this study, we...

Geckos show versatility by rapidly maneuvering on diverse complex terrain because they benefit from their distributed, setae-covered toes and thus have the ability to generate reliable adaptive attachment. Significant attention has been paid adhesive microstructures (setae), but effectiveness of gecko's attachment at level feet remains unclear. In order better understand geckos' attachment, we first focused deployment while challenging geckos locomote varying inclines. When slope angle was...

Secure landing is indispensable for both leaping animals and robotics. Tree frogs, renowned their adhesive capabilities, can effectively jump across intricate 3D terrain land safely. Compared with jumping, the mechanisms underlying technique, particularly in arboreal environments, have remained largely unknown. In this study, we focused on patterns of tree frog Polypedates dennysi horizontally placed perches, explicitly emphasizing influence perch diameters. frogs demonstrated diverse...

ABSTRACT Geckos are excellent climbers using compliant, hierarchically arranged adhesive toes to negotiate diverse terrains varying in roughness at multiple size scales. Here, we complement advancements smaller scales with measurements the macro scale. We studied attachment of a single toe and whole foot geckos on macroscale rough substrates by pulling them along, across off smooth rods spheres mimicking different geometric protrusions substrates. When pulled along rods, force increased rod...

Abstract Stable adhesion and comfort for long‐term use are the main challenges currently limiting wearable in real‐time health monitoring, especially disturbed state such as exercise sweating. Here, A biomimetic microneedles‐based adhesive electrode is designed, which utilizes mechanical locking of microneedle array property mimic tree frog foot pad microstructures on rough wet substrate to synergistically enhance stable performance skin surface. This adhesion‐mechanical synergistic...

Adhesive materials have many potential applications for daily life, such as soft robotics, grippers, and wearable devices. However, robust reversible adhesion under extreme thermal conditions—like ultralow temperature surfaces conditions with large variations—is a significant challenge has rarely been studied. Here, we report new design of mushroom-shaped adhesive based on structural microfabrication. The fabricated possesses one to two orders higher strength at −100°C than those recently...

发现壁虎能够在各种表 面上稳定黏附是其脚掌上数十万微纳米刚毛产生范 德华力累积的结果(图1(a)).2014年

Hypothesis on electrostatic attraction mechanisms involving the hairy adhesion of climbing animals has been a matter controversy for several years. The detection tribocharge and forces at attachment organs is practical method clarifying dispute with respect to in animals. Nonetheless, tribo-electrification rarely examined contact-adhesion (especially their free autonomous attachment) due lack available devices. Therefore, present study involves establishing an apparatus that enables...

Dynamic attachment is indispensable for animals to cope with unexpected disturbances. Minor attention has been paid the dynamic performance of insects' adhesive pads. Through experiments pulling whole grasshoppers off a glass rod at varying speeds, surprising findings emerged. The feet did not always maintain contact but released and then reconnected substrate rapidly during leg extension, potentially reducing shock damage As speeds increased from 1 400 mm/s, maximum forces single front...

Abstract Many animals have the natural ability to move on various surfaces, such as those having different roughness and slope substrates, or even vertical walls ceilings. Legged primarily attach surfaces using claws, soft hairy pads, combinations of them. Recent studies indicated that frictional forces generated by these structures not only control movement but also significantly increase reliability their attachment. Moreover, opposite characteristics hierarchical properties from...

A precise measurement of animal behavior and reaction forces from their surroundings can help elucidate the fundamental principle locomotion, such as landing takeoff. Compared with stiff substrates, compliant like leaves, readily yield to loads, presenting grand challenges in measuring on substrates involving compliance. To gain insight into kinematic mechanisms structural–functional evolution associated arboreal this study introduces an innovative device that facilitates quantification...

As an arboreal animal, tree frogs face diverse challenges when landing on perches, including variations in substrate shape, diameter, flexibility, and angular distribution, with potentially significant consequences for failed landings. Research frog behavior especially concerning vertical substrates, remains limited. This study investigated the strategies (forelimb, abdomen, hindlimb) of considering perch diameter. Although all three were observed across perches different diameters, their...

Abstract Small vertebrates, such as geckos, often use their tails to regulate posture after take-off and suppress abnormal rotations in mid-air (such sliding falling). However, research on tail function before remains scarce, particularly when animals overcome gravity jump upward. This study examined tailed tailless geckos’ ability over obstacles. The swung up reached upper limits during take-off, corresponding a continuous increase trunk elevation angle. Compared geckos with intact had...

Gekko geckos are capable to crawl on the steep even upside-down surfaces. Such movement, especially at great altitude, puts them high risks of incidentally dropping down and inevitable body or head impactions, though they may trigger air-righting reaction (ARR) attenuate landing shocks. However, ability (ARA) in is not fully developed. The implementation ARR some quite slow; for those without tails, unobservable. Since ARA compromised geckos, there must be other mechanisms responsible...