Recent analysis by manufacturers and network operators has shown that current wireless networks are not very energy efficient, particularly the base stations which terminals access services from network. In response to this observation Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) Green Radio project was established in 2009 establish how significant savings may be obtained future systems. This article discusses technical background models consumption station devices. It also describes some most...

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has been widely used as an application of mobile networking in the automotive industry. However, 5G/B5G era, Internet Things a cutting-edge technology is gradually transforming current into fully integrated future Internet. At same time, it will promote existing research fields to develop new directions, such smart home, community, health, and intelligent transportation. VANET needs accelerate pace technological transformation when meet requirements...

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has greatly facilitated our daily lives. Nevertheless, how to achieve higher spectral efficiency, large-scale device access, and lower latency for the next-generation IoT is still a challenge. Inspired by this, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted cognitive radio (CR) network proposed in this paper, where communication between indoor secondary transmitter receivers performed presence of an eavesdropper under constraint transmit power. In particular, we...

In this article, we consider an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled massive multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) full-duplex (FD) two-way relay (TWR) system with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters/digital-to-analog converters (ADCs/DACs), where the UAV provide services for multi-pair ground users (GUs). By employing maximum ratio combining/maximum transmission (MRC/MRT), approximate closed-form expressions sum spectrum/energy efficiency (SE/EE)...

Low power consumption and high spectrum efficiency as the great challenges for multi-device access to Internet-of-Things (IoT) have put forward stringent requirements on future intelligent network. Ambient backscatter communication (ABcom) is regarded a promising technology cope with two challenges, where device (BD) can reflect ambient radio frequency (RF) signals without additional bandwidth. However, minimalist structural design of BD makes ABcom security vulnerable in wireless...

In view of the scarcity spectrum resources in wireless communication, it is studied this paper over two-hop cognitive secrecy transmission scheme decoding and forwarding (DF) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) assisted relay with energy harvesting under Nakagami-m channel. It worth noting that terminal node equipped multiple antennas optimal antenna selection can be adopted for signal reception. Meanwhile, UAV uses time switching (TS) power splitting (PS) techniques adopts capacity scheme....

With increasing traffic congestion and accidents, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become a focus fifth generation (5G) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) intelligent transportation systems (ITS). IoV been studied extensively to improve vehicles, road safety, efficiency. However, limited spectrum efficiency interference caused in 5G HetNets may require robust technology architecture. The enabling requirements are elaborated conceptualized article. deep learning algorithms proposed used can...

Nowcasting is a critical technology for disaster prevention and mitigation, the accuracy of radar echo extrapolation directly impacts forecasting performance. In most deep learning-based models, accurately predicting heavy precipitation remains challenging task. Focusing on region China, this study proposes an improved model based residual attention mechanisms—RA-UNet—for nowcasting with lead time 3 h. The introduces neural network (ResNet) convolutional block module (CBAM) to integrate...

Millimeter waves have been recognized as carriers for 5G cellular networks. We carried out a series of millimeter-wave measurements in Beijing, China, and studied the atmospheric impacts on transmission. Our measurement design is an exemplary LOS transmission link. also 3 km long commercial E-band backhaul link Göteborg, Sweden. monitored variation received signal rain, compared theoretical rain-induced attenuation with practically attenuation. results show that there 1.5-4.5 dB uncertainty...

With the development of wearable devices and Internet Things (IoT), there is a growing demand for portable comfortable human health monitoring devices. Because advantages biocompatibility, relatively large piezoelectric coefficients, nonpyroelectricity, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymers have been greatly utilized in applications tissue engineering, sensors, energy harvesting In this investigation, PLLA film was fabricated first time real-time stethoscope pulse wave sensor applications....

Accurate rainfall monitoring is important, and previously it has been shown that microwave backhaul link between adjacent base station towers can be used for estimation. However, with the deployment of 5G using millimeter technology, there opportunity dense network both data transmission links. This paper presents our millimeter-wave measurement results during rainy days in Beijing, China. Our design an exemplary line-of-sight link. We show possible to retrieve path-averaged rain rate from...

High-resolution and accurate rainfall monitoring is of great importance to many applications, including meteorology, hydrology, flood monitoring. In recent years, microwave backhaul links from wireless communication networks have been suggested for purposes, complementing the existing systems. With advances in technology, new solutions proposed applied 5G networks. Examples latest technology include E-band (71–76 81–86 GHz) links, multi-band boosters, line-of-sight multiple-input...

The huge increase in the communication network rate has made application fields and scenarios for vehicular ad hoc networks more abundant diversified proposed requirements efficiency quality of data transmission. To improve limited distance poor Internet Vehicles (IoV), an optimal intelligent routing algorithm is this paper. Combined multi-weight decision with greedy perimeter stateless protocol, designed evaluated standardized function link stability. Linear additive weighting used to...

The rapid development and continuous innovation of wireless services have led to a boom in the number types smart terminals. huge amount data that deep learning needs calculate relies on improvement hardware devices solve. Therefore, realization intelligent transportation system(ITS) has become general trend. increase Internet Things changes location vehicles Vehicles(IOV) system put forward higher requirements for reliability effectiveness information transmission effective use spectrum...

Mobile communication industries are increasingly contributing to the worldwide energy consumption and CO2 emission. This study addresses a number of key radio resource management (RRM) strategies across PHY MAC layers for reducing base station consumption, as measured by 'Joules per bit' metric. These including power efficient link adaptation, exploitation multi-user diversity trading bandwidth efficiency. By collectively taking advantage those RRM strategies, adaptive allocation algorithm...

In this paper, we study the outage and ergodic rate performance of a rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based cognitive radio (CR) system, where secondary transmitter aims to communicate with two RSMA users. Imperfect successive interference cancellation (ipSIC) channel estimation errors (CEEs) are considered in proposed analysis. Analytical expressions for probability (OP) (ER) calculated. For deeper understanding, asymptotic behavior OP ER at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes...

In this letter, we carry out the performance analysis of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) in hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) assisted cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks, where a security-required user (SRU) with secure transmission requirements is paired quality service (QoS)-sensitive (QSU) low delay to perform NOMA. To characterize transmission, derive analytical expressions for connection outage...

This paper presents a link level analysis of the rate and energy efficiency performance LTE downlink considering unitary codebook based precoding scheme. In multi-user environment, appropriate radio resource management strategies can be applied to system improve gain by exploiting diversity in time, frequency space domains gains translated reduction at base station. Several existing novel scheduling allocation algorithms are considered for this paper. A detailed different terms throughput,...

Abstract Precipitation is a critical factor in changing aerosol life cycle, yet its impact on species with different properties megacities remains unclear. Here we characterized the changes of PM 2.5 during rainfall processes five summers (2018–2022) Beijing using highly time‐resolved measurements chemical speciation monitor along precipitation. Average pattern 233 showed that over 30% decreases before rain start were due to increased wind speed, and subsequent caused by combined effects...

Wireless energy harvesting is an effective way to power condition monitoring sensors which are the basis of smart grid. In this paper, a new free-standing I-shaped core designed scavenge electromagnetic from large alternating current. An can guide more magnetic flux by adding pair collector plates at both ends rod core. It weakens demagnetization field and enables be collected. Since line bent with high-permeability soft materials, highly efficient grid-shaped coil proposed. Compared coil,...

This paper presents a number of key radio resource management strategies across physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers for reducing base station energy consumption including power efficient link adaptation (LA), exploitation multi-user diversity trading bandwidth efficiency. By collectively taking advantage these strategies, adaptive allocation algorithm is proposed to ease the requirements station, whilst maintaining same levels service. The scheduling evaluated within LTE...

In this paper, we pay our attention towards the noncoherent demodulation aspect of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) receivers for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and a carrier frequency offset invariant as well error-floor free multiple-symbol differential detection (MSDD) strategy is proposed over flat fading channel. This detector an alternative to that has been considered almost exclusively in past. new configuration, do not perform chip-level precompensation conventional...

In this article, the noncoherent detection scheme for receiver in wireless sensor nodes is discussed. That is, an implementation-friendly and energy-efficient symbol-by-symbol IEEE 802.15.4 offset-quadrature phase shift keying (O-QPSK) receivers investigated under both pure additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel fading channel. Specifically, residual carrier frequency offset (CFO) of chip sample estimated compensated with aid preamble; then, standard perfectly known CFO directly...