A5053993401- Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
- Animal health and immunology
- Agriculture and Biological Studies
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Microbial infections and disease research
Technical University of Munich
2011-2025
Stadtwerke Straubing (Germany)
2019
University of Saskatchewan
2011
University of Vienna
1980-2010
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
1985-2010
Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences
2010
Pädagogische Hochschule Wien
2010
Federal Institute of Agricultural Economics
2010
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
2010
TU Dortmund University
2008
In the Gramineae, cyclic hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) form part of defense against insects microbial pathogens. Five genes, Bx1 through Bx5 , are required for DIBOA biosynthesis in maize. The functions these five clustered on chromosome 4, were demonstrated vitro. encodes a tryptophan synthase α homolog that catalyzes formation indole production secondary metabolites rather than tryptophan, thereby...
Camalexin (3-thiazol-2-yl-indole) is an indole alkaloid phytoalexin produced by Arabidopsis thaliana that thought to be important for resistance necrotrophic fungal pathogens, such as Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea. It from Trp, which converted acetaldoxime (IAOx) the action of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases CYP79B2 CYP79B3. The remaining biosynthetic steps are unknown except last step, conversion dihydrocamalexic acid camalexin CYP71B15 (PAD3). This article reports...
Abstract We show that oomycete-derived Nep1 (for necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide1)–like proteins (NLPs) trigger a comprehensive immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana, comprising posttranslational activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, deposition callose, production nitric oxide, reactive oxygen intermediates, ethylene, the phytoalexin camalexin, as well cell death. Transcript profiling experiments revealed NLPs extensive reprogramming transcriptome closely...
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity constitutes the primary plant immune response that has evolved to recognize invariant structures of microbial surfaces. Here we show Gram-positive bacteria-derived peptidoglycan (PGN) a novel PAMP responses in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Treatment with PGN from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> results activation responses, such as medium alkalinization, elevation cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, nitric oxide, and camalexin...
Abstract Glucosinolates are natural plant products that function in the defense toward herbivores and pathogens. Plant is regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways which salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid, ethylene as signaling molecules. Glucosinolate content was analyzed Arabidopsis wild-type plants response to single or combinatorial treatments with methyljasmonate (MeJA), 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic ethylene, 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic wounding. In addition, several mutants...
Characteristic for cruciferous plants is their production of N- and S-containing indole phytoalexins with disease resistance cancer-preventive properties, previously proposed to be synthesized from independently tryptophan. We show that camalexin, the phytoalexin Arabidopsis thaliana , tryptophan via indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) in a reaction catalyzed by CYP79B2 CYP79B3. Cyp79B2 / cyp79B3 double knockout mutant devoid as it also glucosinolates [Zhao, Y., Hull, A. K., Gupta, N. R., Goss, K....
Abstract Camalexin represents the main phytoalexin in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The camalexin-deficient deficient 3 (pad3) mutant has been widely used to assess biological role of camalexin, although exact substrate cytochrome P450 enzyme 71B15 encoded by PAD3 remained elusive. 2-(Indol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (dihydrocamalexic acid) was identified as likely intermediate camalexin biosynthesis downstream indole-3-acetaldoxime, it accumulated leaves silver...
Cytochromes P450 of the CYP79 family catalyze conversion amino acids to oximes in biosynthesis glucosinolates, a group natural plant products known be involved defense and as source flavor compounds, cancer-preventing agents bioherbicides. We report detailed biochemical analysis substrate specificity kinetics CYP79F1 CYP79F2, two cytochromes aliphatic glucosinolates Arabidopsis thaliana. Using recombinant CYP79F2 expressed Escherichia coli Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively, we show that...
Accumulation of camalexin, the characteristic phytoalexin Arabidopsis thaliana, is induced by a great variety plant pathogens. It derived from Trp, which converted to indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) successive action cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79B2/B3 and CYP71A13. Extracts wild-type plants camalexin biosynthetic mutants, treated with silver nitrate or inoculated Phytophthora infestans, were comprehensively analyzed ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole...
Little is known about how drought stress influences plant secondary metabolite accumulation and this affects defense against different aphids. We therefore cultivated Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) plants under well-watered, drought, water-logged conditions. Two aphid species were selected for study: the generalist Myzus persicae (Sulzer) crucifer specialist Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). Metabolite concentrations in phloem sap, which influence growth, changed particularly stress. Levels of sucrose...
Indolic secondary metabolites play an important role in pathogen defense cruciferous plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), addition to the characteristic phytoalexin camalexin, derivatives of indole-3-carbaldehyde (ICHO) and indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICOOH) are synthesized from tryptophan via intermediates indole-3-acetaldoxime indole-3-acetonitrile. Based on feeding experiments combined with nontargeted metabolite profiling, their composition nontreated silver nitrate...
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) efficiently synthesizes the antifungal phytoalexin camalexin without apparent release of bioactive intermediates, such as indole-3-acetaldoxime, suggesting that biosynthetic pathway this compound is channeled by formation an enzyme complex. To identify protein interactions, we used two independent untargeted coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) approaches with enzymes CYP71B15 and CYP71A13 baits determined P450 copurified these enzymes. These interactions were...
Summary Effective defense of Arabidopsis against filamentous pathogens requires two mechanisms, both which involve biosynthesis tryptophan (Trp)‐derived metabolites. Extracellular resistance involves products PEN 2‐dependent metabolism indole glucosinolates ( IG s). Restriction further fungal growth PAD 3‐dependent camalexin and other, as yet uncharacterized, indolics. This study focuses on the function CYP 71A12 monooxygenase in pathogen‐triggered Trp metabolism, including...
During Arabidopsis embryo development, cotyledon primordia are generated at transition stage from precursor cells that not derived the embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM). To date, it is known which genes specifically instruct these to elaborate cotyledons, nor role of auxin in development clear. In laterne mutants, cotyledons precisely deleted, yet hypocotyl and root unaffected. The phenotype caused by a combination two mutations: one PINOID (PID) gene another mutation novel locus...
The phytoalexin camalexin and indolic glucosinolates share not only a common evolutionary origin tightly interconnected biosynthetic pathway, but regulatory proteins controlling the shared enzymatic steps are also modulated by same R2R3-MYB transcription factors. is crucial defense metabolite in model plant Arabidopsis. Indolic phytoalexins appear to have on level: key intermediate biosynthesis of camalexin, indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), required for under tight control factors MYB34, MYB51,...
Summary Root colonization by the beneficial fungus Piriformospora indica is controlled plant innate immunity, but factors that channel this interaction into a mutualistic relationship are not known. We have explored impact of abscisic acid ( ABA ) and osmotic stress on P. with Arabidopsis thaliana . The activation immunity in roots was determined measuring concentration phytoalexin camalexin expression transcription regulating biosynthesis tryptophan‐related defence metabolites. Furthermore,...
Abstract Background Pyruvate is a precursor for various compounds in the chemical, drug, and food industries therefore an attractive target molecule microbial production processes. The fast-growing bacterium Vibrio natriegens excels with its specific substrate uptake rate as unconventional chassis industrial biotechnology. Here, we aim to exploit traits of V. pyruvate fermentations low biomass concentrations. Results We inactivated dehydrogenase complex Δ vnp12 , which harbors deletions...
Abstract We isolated two nitrilase genes, ZmNIT1 and ZmNIT2, from maize (Zea mays) that share 75% sequence identity on the amino acid level. Despite relatively high homology to Arabidopsis NIT4, ZmNIT2 shows no activity toward β-cyano-alanine, substrate of but instead hydrolyzes indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) indole-3-acetic (IAA). converts IAN IAA at least seven 20 times more efficiently than AtNIT1/2/3. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed gene expression both nitrilases...
Four extracellular enzymes of the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium stercorarium are involved in depolymerization de-esterified arabinoxylan: Xyn11A, Xyn10C, Bxl3B, and Arf51B. They were identified a collection eight clones producing hydrolysing xylan ( xynA , xynB xynC ), β -xyloside bxlA bxlB bglZ ) α -arabinofuranoside arfA arfB ). The modular Xyn11A Xyn10C represent major xylanases culture supernatant C. . Both hydrolyse arabinoxylan an endo-type mode, but differ pattern...
Abstract Background In bacteria, such as Salmonella typhimurium , tryptophan is synthesized from indole-3-glycerole phosphate (IGP) by a synthase αββα heterotetramer. Plants have evolved multiple α (TSA) and β (TSB) homologs, which probably diverged in biological function their ability of subunit interaction. There some evidence for (TS) complex Arabidopsis. On the other hand maize ( Zea mays ) expresses TSA-homologs BX1 IGL that efficiently cleave IGP, independent interaction with TSB....
The growth-promoting and root-colonizing endophyte Piriformospora indica induces camalexin the expression of CYP79B2, CYP79B3, CYP71A13, PAD3, WRKY33 required for synthesis indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx)-derived compounds in roots Arabidopsis seedlings. Upregulation mRNA levels by P. requires cytoplasmic calcium elevation mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 but not root-hair-deficient 2, radical oxygen production, or 3-phosphoinositide-dependent 1/oxidative signal-inducible 1 pathway. Because...