It is well known that maternal diabetes causes various congenital malformations. Although there are many reports folic acid (FA) administration in pregnancy reduces the risk of birth defects including neural tube (NTDs), a precise analysis on preventive effect FA against diabetic embryopathy has not been done yet. In this study, we analyzed effects malformations NTDs, cardiovascular, and skeletal using mouse model. Female mice were rendered hyperglycemic by streptozotocin then mated....

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is caused by deficiency of arginine vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone. Patients with CDI manifest polyuria which usually compensated for increases in water intake. However, some patients are not able to sense thirst due the destruction osmoreceptors hypothalamus. These adipsic easily dehydrated and consequent dehydration could be life-threatening. The objective this study was investigate prognosis patients. We have reviewed 149 three hospitals using...

This study evaluated whether renal escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis is associated with alterations of vasopressin V2 receptor binding in the kidney inner medulla. A radioligand assay was developed using a novel iodinated antagonist to analyze medullary tissue three groups rats: normal rats maintained on ad libitum water intake, treated 1-deamino-[8-d-arginine]vasopressin (DDAVP), and DDAVP that were also loaded induce antidiuresis. Analysis data showed treatment reduced 72%...

We investigated the effect of centrally administered pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on feeding in rats, and involvement hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression using situ hybridization. lntracerebroventricular injection PACAP (1000 pmol/rat) significantly decreased food intake a dose‐dependent manner. In PACAP‐treated Y (NPY) mRNA levels arcuate nucleus galanin paraventricular increased, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) decreased. rats fasted for 72 h, NPY...

GH secretagogue (GHS) is a small, synthetic compound that has the potential to stimulate release via its specific receptors (GHS-R). Ghrelin novel 28-amino acid peptide recently isolated from human and rat stomach, it thought be endogenous ligand for GHS-R. variety of physiological functions such as stimulation or increase food intake by activating NPY neurons. In present study, we investigated effects ghrelin on AVP in conscious rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration increased...

We studied osmoregulation of plasma vasopressin in 5 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. All showed typical symptoms uncontrolled mellitus such as marked hyperglycemia, polyuria, and polydipsia, but did not have advanced diabetic complications. Vasopressin release was using 5% hypertonic saline infusion test twice: before treatment when the patient hyperglycemic, after 1 to 2 months later euglycemic. Plasma measured by a sensitive specific radioimmunoassay. The mean basal value...

There is evidence indicating that neuropeptide FF (NPFF) an endogenous modulator of opioid systems. In the present study, we investigated effect centrally administered NPFF on arginine vasopressin (AVP) release in conscious rats. The plasma AVP increase response to either hyperosmolality [i.p. injection hypertonic saline (600 mosmol/kg)] or hypovolemia polyethylene glycol (PEG)] was significantly blunted when injected into lateral ventricle so given drug could act at hypothalamus and also...

Abstract Background The mechanism of diabetes‐induced congenital malformation remains to be elucidated. It has been reported that α‐lipoic acid (LA) prevents neural tube defects (NTDs) in offsprings rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Here, we evaluate the protective effect LA against diabetic embryopathy, including NTDs, cardiovascular malformations (CVMs), and skeletal malformations, mice. Methods Female mice were rendered hyperglycemic using streptozotocin then mated normal male...

The magnocellular neurones of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) play a vital role in maintenance body homeostasis by regulating oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) secretion from posterior pituitary. During hyperosmolality, OT VP mRNA levels are known to increase approximately two-fold, whereas during chronic hypoosmolality, decrease 10-20% basal levels. In these studies, we evaluated changes cell size associated with physiological conditions. Cell nuclear sizes supraoptic nucleus...

Abstract Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) is a recently discovered neuropeptide identified on the basis its ability to activate PTH2 receptor, and it thought be brain receptor’s endogenous ligand. The receptor highly expressed in hypothalamus, suggesting role modulation neuroendocrinological functions. PTHrP, which also belongs PTH-related peptides family, stimulates arginine vasopressin (AVP) release. In present study, therefore, we investigated effect centrally...

Magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system play a fundamental role in maintenance body homeostasis by secreting vasopressin and oxytocin response to systemic osmotic perturbations. During chronic hyperosmolality, mRNA levels increase twofold, whereas, during hyposmolality, these decrease 10–20% that normoosmolar control animals. To determine what other genes respond perturbations, we have analyzed gene expression hyper- versus hyponatremia. Thirty-seven cDNA clones were...

We investigated the baroregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene transcription in supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) conscious rats by use intronic situ hybridization. Hemorrhage 16 ml/kg body wt decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) 57% increased both plasma AVP (control, 1.2 ± 0.3 pg/ml; wt, 38.9 3.2 pg/ml) at 10 min heteronuclear (hn)RNA levels (SON, 150%; PVN, 140% control values) 20 min. On other hand, hemorrhage 7 had no significant effect on MAP, AVP, or hnRNA...

Abstract There is evidence indicating that the area postrema (AP), most caudal circumventricular organ located on dorsal surface of medulla, involved in several physiological regulations. In this study, we investigated role AP regulation arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesis and release, using rats which was lesioned 6 weeks previously. The level plasma AVP (APX) group significantly lower than sham operated (Sham) basal state. release induced by either hyperosmolality or hypovolemia...

Previous neuroanatomical studies have revealed a localization of galanin in several nuclei the brain stem which are involved hemodynamic control arginine vasopressin (AVP) release. The present study, therefore, investigates contribution endogenous to plasma volume-mediated AVP release conscious rats. Injection synthetic rat (12.5-50 pmol/rat) into cisterna magna (i.c.s.) suppressed increased by polyethylene glycolinduced hypovolemia (2.45 ± 0.24 pg/ml at 50 pmol/rat vs. vehicle group 5.72...

The effects of central administration the opioid-like peptide nociceptin (also known as orphanin FQ) were investigated on secretion arginine vasopressin (AVP) in response to dehydration and hyperosmolar or hypovolemic stimulation conscious rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) suppressed plasma AVP concentration a dose-dependent manner (0.1-10 microg/rat) dehydrated rats, maximum effect was obtained 10 min after (dehydration with microg/rat nociceptin, 3.11 +/- 0.27 pg/ml vs. control, 10.32...

Although there are reports of hyperintense lesions in hyperglycemic hemichorea-hemiballism by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1, 2), such findings angiography (MRA) rare. An 82-year-old man presented with a 1-month history left-sided involuntary movements his face and limbs. Laboratory data revealed blood glucose level 20.8 mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin 11.5%, serum C-peptide 2.20 ng/mL. There were no urinary ketones or metabolic acidosis. T1-weighed MRI showed lesion the putamen...