The increasing complexity of composite materials structured on the nanometer scale requires highly sensitive analytical tools for nanoscale chemical identification, ideally in three dimensions. While infrared near-field microscopy provides high sensitivity and nanoscopic spatial resolution two dimensions, quantitative extraction material properties three-dimensionally samples has not been achieved yet. Here we introduce a method to perform rapid recovery thickness permittivity simple 3D...

The quality of images from an infrared (IR) microscope has traditionally been limited by considerations throughput and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An understanding the achievable as a function instrument parameters, first principals is needed for improved design. Here, we present model light propagation through IR spectroscopic imaging system based on scalar wave theory. analytically describes along entire beam path source to detector. effect various optical elements sample in understood...

Significance This study reports the ability to provide label-free molecular information from infrared (IR) spectroscopy via ubiquitous optical microscope. Modeling thermal-mechanical coupling of samples, we design, build, and validate an IR-optical hybrid (IR-OH) microscope that uses interferometry measure dimensional change in materials arising spectral absorption. We show seamless compatibility IR-OH with routine microscopy emerging computational ubiquity enables all-digital pathology...

Holography has paved the way for phase imaging in a variety of wide-field techniques, including electron, X-ray and optical microscopy. In scanning microscopy, however, serial fashion image acquisition seems to challenge direct implementation traditional holography. Here we introduce synthetic holography (SOH) quantitative phase-resolved It uniquely combines fast imaging, technical simplicity simultaneous operation at visible infrared frequencies with single reference arm. We demonstrate SOH...

Midinfrared (IR) microspectroscopy is widely employed for spatially localized spectral analyses. A comprehensive theoretical model the technique, however, has not been previously proposed. In this paper, rigorous theory presented IR absorption by using Maxwell's equations to beam propagation. Focusing effects, material dispersion, and geometry of sample are accounted predict response homogeneous samples. Predictions validated experimentally Fourier transform (FT-IR) microspectroscopic...

Large scale simulations are performed by means of the transfer-matrix method to reveal optimal conditions for metal-dielectric core-shell particles induce largest fluorescence on their surfaces. With commonly used plasmonic cores (Au and Ag) dielectric shells (SiO2, Al2O3, ZnO), core shell radii determined reach maximum enhancement each wavelength within 550~850 nm core) 390~500 (Ag bands, in both air aqueous hosts. The peak value achievable factors nanoparticles, taken over entire interval,...

We describe the testing of a prototype SiPM-on-tile iron-scintillator calorimeter at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during its 200 GeV $pp$ run in 2024. The prototype, measuring $20 \times 20 \, \text{cm}^{2}$ and 24 radiation lengths depth, was positioned STAR experimental hall, approximately 8 m from interaction point 65 cm beam line, covering pseudorapidity range about $3.1<\eta<3.4$. By using dark current reference SiPM as monitor, we estimate that exposed to fluence $10^{10}$...

We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand detection horizon gravitational-wave observatories. Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess 1 MW, conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states light. The will enable significantly levels power and squeezing detectors, by providing high-precision, low-noise correction limiting sources thermal distortions directly core...

An infrared spectrum recorded from a microscopic sample depends on spectral properties of the constituent material as well morphology. Many samples or domains within heterogeneous materials can be idealized spheres, in which both scattering and absorption three-dimensional shape affect spectrum. Spectra such objects may altered to an extent that they bear little resemblance spectra bulk material; there are no methods, however, reconcile two first principles. Here we provide mathematical...

We present a computer code for calculating near- and far-field electromagnetic properties of multilayered spheres. STRATIFY is one-of-a-kind open-source package that allows efficient calculation near-field, energy density, total energy, radiative non-radiative decay rates dipole emitter located in any (non-absorbing) shell (including host medium), fundamental cross-sections sphere, all within single program. Because its speed broad applicability, our valuable tool analysis numerous light...

As imaging systems become more advanced and acquire data at faster rates, increasingly dynamic samples can be imaged without concern of motion artifacts.For optical interferometric techniques such as coherence tomography, it often follows that initially, only amplitude-based are utilized due to unstable or unreliable phase measurements.As progress, stable maps also acquired, enabling advanced, phase-dependent post-processing techniques.Here we report an investigation the stability...

Chemical imaging combines the spatial specificity of optical microscopy with spectral selectivity vibrational spectroscopy. Mid-infrared (IR) absorption instruments are now able to capture high-quality spectra microscopic detail, but limits their ability resolve and objects remain less understood. In particular, sensitivity measurements chemical changes rules for design have been presented, influence information on is as yet relatively unexplored. We report an theory-based approach quantify...

The modified long-wavelength approximation (MLWA), a next order beyond the Rayleigh limit, has been applied usually only to dipole $\ell=1$ contribution and for range of size parameters $x$ not exceeding $x\lesssim 1$ estimate far- near-field electromagnetic properties plasmonic nanoparticles. Provided that MLWA functional form $T$-matrix in given channel $\ell$ is limited ratio $T\sim iR/(F+D-iR)$, where $F$ familiar size-independent Fr\"ohlich term $R\sim {\cal O}(x^{2\ell+1})$ radiative...

Theory explains the influence of optical configuration on recorded data in infrared spectroscopic imaging.

Understanding the infrared (IR) spectral response of materials as a function their morphology is not only fundamental importance but also contemporary practical need in analysis biological and synthetic materials. While significant work has recently been reported understanding spectra particles with well-defined geometries, we report here on samples that consist collections particles. First, theoretically model multiple scattering effects computationally predict impact local particles'...

Understanding the structure of a scattered electromagnetic (EM) field is critical to improving imaging process. Mechanisms such as diffraction, scattering, and interference affect an image, limiting resolution, potentially introducing artifacts. Simulation visualization fields thus plays important role in science. However, EM are high-dimensional, making them time-consuming simulate, difficult visualize. In this paper, we present framework for interactively computing visualizing by micro...

Label-free imaging approaches seek to simplify and augment histopathologic assessment by replacing the current practice of staining dyes visualize tissue morphology with quantitative optical measurements. Quantitative phase (QPI) operates visible/UV light thus provides a resolution matched practice. Here we introduce demonstrate confocal QPI for label-free sections assess its utility manual inspection. Imaging cancerous normal adjacent human breast prostate, show that structural organization...

Optical coherence tomography of luminal structures, such as for intravascular or gastrointestinal imaging, is performed by using a fiber-optic catheter beam-delivery probe. The interrogating beam scanned angularly rotating the fiber around fixed central axis. Because focused only at distance from center fiber, scatterers near this are resolved. We present solution inverse scattering problem that provides an estimate susceptibility sample Gaussian origin. This quantitatively meaningful...

We present a technically simple implementation of quantitative phase imaging in confocal microscopy based on synthetic optical holography with sinusoidal-phase reference waves. Using Mirau interference objective and low-amplitude vertical sample vibration piezo-controlled stage, we record holograms commercial microscopes (Nikon, model: A1R; Zeiss: LSM-880), from which images are reconstructed. demonstrate our technique by stain-free cervical (HeLa) ovarian (ES-2) cancer cells stem cell...

Breast-conserving surgery is a frequent option for women with stage I and II breast cancer, radiation treatment, can be as effective mastectomy. However, adequate margin detection remains challenge, too often additional surgeries are required. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides potential method real-time, high-resolution imaging of tissue during surgery. Intra-operative OCT excised tissues has been previously demonstrated by several groups. In this study, novel handheld surgical...

A coherent confocal microscope is proposed as a means to fully characterize the elastic scattering properties of nanoparticle function wavelength. Using high numerical aperture lens, two-dimensional scanning, and simple vector-beam shaper, rank-2 polarizability tensor estimated from single image. method for computationally efficient data processing described, simulations show that this algorithm robust noise uncertainty in focal plane position. The generalization techniques provide an...

A potential control over the position of maxima scattering and absorption cross-sections can be exploited to better tailor nanoparticles for specific light-matter interaction applications. Here we explain in detail mechanism an appreciable blue shift cross-section peak relative a metal spherical particle localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) remaining extinction cross sections. Such branching sections requires certain threshold value size parameter x~0.7 is prerequisite obtaining high...

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging provides spatially resolved chemical information. Recent developments have shown that this information can be used to determine tissue cell types. Our goal is then use the spatial distribution of types perform accurate diagnosis cancer. However, step limited by resolution provided current systems. In paper, we demonstrate these instruments designed provide better for chemistry. We present an optical model propagation light through...

Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) reconstructs the scattering potential of a sample with spatially invariant resolution, based on incident beam profile, scan pattern, physical model light interaction, and subsequent collection by system. In practice, aberrations may influence particularly at higher NA, when ISAM is expected to provide maximum benefit over optical coherence microscopy. Thus it interest determine effects reconstructions. this paper we present forward...