Abstract A tiny and compact implantable antenna for wireless cardiac pacemaker systems is designed. The works in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) frequency band (2.4–2.48 GHz). size of greatly reduced with adoption a high dielectric constant medium folded meander structure. volume 4.5 mm 3 , only × 0.5 mm. Based on literature research, it was found that design smallest among same type implanted antenna. optimized loaded defective slotted structure, which improves efficiency overall...

The techniques of random antenna element distribution and rotation have been proposed to design a low sidelobe crosspolarization phased array or reflect for long time. In this communication, we demonstrate that the use randomly rotated (RR) elements can provide scattering phases phase center distributions, which lead an in-band radar cross section (RCS) reduction array. To illustrate effectiveness method, three 8 × circularly polarized (CP) microstrip arrays, 1) uniform without rotation; 2)...

The radio frequency identification (RFID) has emerged Internet of Things (IoT) into the things. This paper presents, a low-cost smart refrigerator system for future IoT applications. proposed is used automatic billing and restoring beverage metallic cans. cans can be restored by generating product shortage alert message to nearby retailer. To design low-profile tag antenna items very challenging, especially when mass production required item-level tagging. Therefore, novel ultrahigh (UHF)...

In this article, we present a low-cost microstrip phased-array antenna, which is composed of electronically reconfigurable elements. The p-i-n diodes' integrated elements have various functions, such as tunable polarization characteristics and adjustable radiation phases. high sidelobe level (SLL) due to the 2-bit phase shifter can be reduced by randomly rotated (RR) array element. It shown that realize electronic beam-steering capabilities keep -10 -14 dB sidelobes without tapering. To...

In this letter, we investigate a low radar cross-section (RCS) wideband circularly polarized microstrip array antenna co-designed with high-performance artificial magnetic conductor and frequency selective surface (AMC-FSS) radome. Compared the absorbent radome-based antenna, proposed can achieve relatively gain loss in an extremely wide range in-band out-of-band RCS reduction, due to introduction of novel AMC-FSS radome which insertion transmission by combining double-layer miniaturized...

Following the widespread and large-scale application of power lithium ion battery, State Function (SOF) estimation technology batteries has gained an increasing amount attention from both scientists engineers. During lifetime SOF reflects maximum instantaneous output battery. When discarded, it is able to show degree performance degradation battery when also taken as a evaluation parameter. In this paper, variables closely related have been selected conduct fuzzy inference system, which...

In this article, a novel high-efficiency harmonic beamforming technique based on time-modulated arrays (TMAs) with multistate time modulators is proposed. The typical single-sideband TMAs suppress the image components in radio frequency (RF) channel, which means low power conversion efficiency, large consumption, and major heat dissipation problem. To circumvent these constraints, we present phase modulation (PM) waveform linear that can be easily constructed using multiple fixed delay lines...

Many occasions related to batteries demand know how much continuous and instantaneous power can provide such as the rapidly developing electric vehicles. As large-scale applications of lithium-ion batteries, are used be our research object. experiments designed get battery parameters ensure relevance reliability estimation. To evaluate load capability a called state-of-function (SOF), this paper proposes fuzzy logic algorithm based on state-of-charge(SOC), state-of-health(SOH) C-rate...

By combining convex programming (CP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), a hybrid method for the synthesis of excitations locations nonuniformly spaced linear subarrays to minimize subarray number is proposed discussed in this article. The problem herein formulated as CP by minimizing l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm with respect excitation variables, PSO procedure carried out far location variables are...

Abstract As a newly discovered evolutionary algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm has been widely used in synthesis of array antennas, while it is seldom nonuniform antennas. Two different antennas are optimized by binary and real this article, which depicts application Lower peak side-lobe level with uniform excitation can be obtained using method. Meanwhile, method minimizing variable-searching space that improve efficiency optimization. Compared standard genetic modified...

Due to the rich and high quality of offshore wind resources, floating turbine (FOWT) arouses attentions many researchers. But on a platform, wave induced loads can significantly affect power regulation vibration structure. Therefore, reducing these becomes challenging part design system. To better alleviate fatigue loads, control system making compensations disturbances is proposed. In this paper an individual pitch (IPC) integrated with disturbance accommodating (DAC) model prediction (MPC)...

A hybrid methodology for the synthesis of nonuniformly spaced and excited linear arrays is proposed. At first, a modified genetic algorithm (GA) named linear-constraint (LCGA) discussed in this article to adapt generalized optimization problems. Then, by nesting technique convex programming (CP) into LCGA, implementation developed jointly optimize position excitation variables. Due character array layouts can be exactly constrained with element spacings aperture size. set representative...

Abstract A new stochastic optimization method, named invasive weed optimization, has been used in the electromagnetic community and shows high performance. In this article, it is to optimize parameters of Yagi-Uda antenna for highest directivity. As known, there no analytical formula design; a full-wave solver employed calculate directivity antenna. Then integrated with variable antenna, aiming get Compared particle swarm higher achieved more compact aperture size. Two numerical examples are...

In this letter, a novel synthetic approach for simultaneous sum and difference patterns based on single-channel 1-bit time-modulated array (TMA) is proposed. A series of asymmetric modulating waveforms suited monopulse systems generated by theoretically analyzing the formation circumstances patterns. The designed have equivalent radiated power as compared to state-of-the-art approaches, TMA has good conversion efficiency. Furthermore, because are synthesized at first positive negative...

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) is a serious drawback in orthogonal division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It must be estimated and compensated before demodulation to guarantee the system performance. In this paper, we examine performance of blind minimum output variance (MOV) estimator. Based on derived probability density function (PDF) magnitude, its mean are obtained it observed that reaches when there no offset. This observation motivates development proposed MOV The theoretical...

In this communication, a closed-form formulation for calculating the radiated power at sidebands of four-dimensional (4-D) antenna arrays using generalized element pattern type (sin θ)u| cosθ| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sup> is derived. All expressions exist when exponents u, u lie in region: > -1 and -1/2. Compared with numerical integration, proposed expression uses less computational resources time. Examples show...

In this paper, radar cross section (RCS) reduction at grazing incidence for microstrip patch antenna using shaping technique is discussed. A rectangular designed as reference. Then used on the antenna. The radiating edges of are V shape rather than straight line, and ground plane shifted up to same patch. This mitigates discontinuity surface low RCS platform caused by thus decreases incidence. radiation performance does not change too much except some bandwidth reduction. To study stealth...

Phase modulation (PM) techniques based on time modulated arrays (TMAs) are usually used to generate a steerable beam at the carrier frequency. However, overall efficiency of TMAs constructed by conventional PM vary significantly in whole scanning space, resulting abrupt fluctuations array gain. Thus, this letter presents geometric method design waveforms. According simulation results, using proposed approach have suppressed peak sideband levels and stable efficiency.

A planar 3 dB patch hybrid coupler using cross and circular-shape slots is presented for a dual-band application. By inductively loading pair of four circular holes on square patch, the matching isolation performance miniaturized improved. In addition, open-circuited shunt stubs are further installed at ports to realize two operating bands. Since slotted resonator cannot be characterized by closed-form transmission line theory, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm constructed...

In this paper, a novel high-performance frequency selective surface and artificial magnetic conductor (FSS-AMC) radome unit is investigated. Composed of double-layer miniaturized bandpass FSS single-layer AMC unit, it can achieve high-efficiency wideband transmission have great potential application in RCS reduction (RCSR). The bottom structure wide flat in-band response fast roll-offs with simulated -1 dB passband ranging from 4.1 GHz to 5.4 (relative bandwidth 27.4%). addition, the has...

When it comes to four-dimensional (4-D) antenna arrays, calculating the power in sideband radiation is a tough nut crack since there exists an infinite summation of all harmonics and more complicated time modulated waveforms (TMWs). In this communication, we derived some simple but general expressions tackle problem calculation 4-D arrays. On one hand, are appropriate for arrays with arbitrary TMWs array geometry. other proposed can be directly used accurately efficiently evaluating...

With the rapid development of offshore wind power, doubly fed induction generator and permanent magnet synchronous cannot meet increasing request power capacity. Therefore, superconducting should be used instead traditional motor, which can improve efficiency, reduce weight turbines, increase system reliability. This paper mainly focuses on nonlinear control in is consisted a turbine high temperature superconductor generator. The proposed approach based adaptive backstepping method. Its main...

Three different kinds of artificial holographic impedance surface antennas are presented in this paper. The split main lobe problem a plane is analyzed and overcome by introducing current theory. Both conical conformal antenna cylindrical designed to demonstrate the capacities these antennas. A spiral circularly polarized also proposed for first time. All analyses simulation results have shown great prospects