This work presents an improvement of the VIPARnd ('nd' stands for 'normoxic, double', or VIP) polymer gel dosimeter. The composition was altered by increasing concentration monomeric components, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), in co-solvent solutions. optimal (VIPARCT, where 'CT' computed tomography, VIC) comprised: 17% NVP, 8% MBA, 12% t-BuOH, 7.5% gelatine, 0.007% ascorbic acid, 0.0008% CuSO4 × 5H2O 0.02% hydroquinone. following characteristics VIC were...

This work discusses the substitution of a gelatine physical gel matrix with made poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) in five 3D radiotherapy polymer dosimeters: MAGAT, PAGAT, NIPAM, VIPARnd (VIP) and VIPARCT (VIC). The current research outcomes showed that not each dosimeter could be manufactured Pluronic F-127. Two dosimeters (PAGAT VIP) containing F-127 allowed for some proper dose response dosimetry (a to range e.g. 0‒50 Gy). new...

This work describes the measurements of ionizing radiation dose and determination isocenter using a tool consisting three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters dedicated software package. Specific were selected. Their inherent common feature is possibility high-resolution measurement distribution in radiotherapy presence N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer composition alongside other substances such as cross-linking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, oxygen scavengers, stabilizers matrix. The aim this...

This work reports results related to the manufacturing and optimisation of a leuco crystal violet (LCV)-Pluronic F-127 radiochromic gel dosimeter suitable for 3D radiotherapy dosimetry. A feature this is that natural gelatine polymer, which most often used as matrix in dosimeters, substituted with Pluronic synthetic copolymer (poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide). ensures higher transparency than gelatine, may be beneficial optical computed tomography...

Dynamically evolving radiotherapy instruments require advancements in compatible 3D dosimetry systems. This paper reports on such tools for the coincidence test of mechanical and radiation isocenter a medical accelerator as part quality assurance routine practice. Three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters were used combination with reading by iterative cone beam computed tomography data processing using polyGeVero-CT software package. Different following acronyms: VIP, PAGAT, MAGIC, NIPAM....

This work reports on the impact of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) properties a VIC gel dosimeter (VIC is an abbreviated acronym VIPARCT). THPC was used as substitute oxygen scavenger in (17% N-vinylpyrrolidone, 8% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 12% tert-butyl alcohol, 7.5% gelatine, 0.02% hydroquinone and 0.007% ascorbic acid 0.0008% CuSO4 × 5H2O). reduced gelation time from hours to minutes. The best composition (VIC-T) contained 14 mM gelatine concentration (5%) with...

A new radiochromic dosimeter was examined with Raman spectroscopy and an optical approach for assessment of 3D dose distribution integrity. The acronym the is Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127, where XO denotes xylenol orange; Pluronic F-127 a copolymer matrix poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), contains components Fricke dosimetric solution. Two samples in cuvettes were partially irradiated such that radiation absorbed at bottom cuvettes. After irradiation,...

This work reports on the surface-modified woven fabrics for use as UV radiation sensors. The cotton and polyamide were printed with radiochromic hydrogels using a screen-printing method. used printing paste composed of water, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) gel matrix nitro blue tetrazolium chloride radiation-sensitive compound. development hydrogels’ colour occurs after exposure to its intensity increases increasing absorbed dose....

Abstract NVP-containing three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters for radiotherapy dosimetry have been developed more than 20 years. There 11 main modifications of the originally proposed VIPAR dosimeter that altogether amounted to 12 formulae. This communication is summarise chemical changes made over these years research. The newest NVP-polymer are also introduced.

Abstract The paper concerns a bone-imitating dosimeter called BoneGel (PAGAT2–Pluronic F–127 with hydroxyapatite). addition of inorganic salt (MgCl 2 ) to the composition increased dose sensitivity dosimeter.

Abstract This work presents a new elastic radiochromic gel containing radiation-sensitive nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix, which can simultaneously function as bolus and dosimeter radiotherapy.

This work presents the features of PABIGnx 3D polymer gel dosimeter. It consists two cross-linkers: poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), as one biacrylic component, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), which is another cross-linker often used in dosimeters. Additionally, it contains oxygen scavenges copper sulfate pentahydrate ascorbic acid. All ingredients are embedded a physical matrix gelatine. Upon irradiation, cross-linking agents (PEGDA MBA) undergo radical polymerisation...

This work reports on a new TBO-Pluronic F-127 three-dimensional (3D) gel dosimeter for UV light dose distribution measurements. The optimal composition was found to be 60 µM Toluidine Blue O (TBO), which acts as UV-sensitive compound; 5% w/w hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is necessary initiation of TBO photodegradation and 25% poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127), forms physical matrix. becomes discoloured when exposed radiation...

Different microstructures were created on the surface of a polycrystalline diamond plate (obtained by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition-MW PECVD process) use nanosecond pulsed DPSS (diode pumped solid state) laser with 355 nm wavelength and galvanometer scanning system. average powers (5 to 11 W), speeds (50 400 mm/s) scan line spacings ("hatch spacing") 20 µm) applied. The then examined using electron microscopy, confocal microscopy Raman spectroscopy techniques....

Abstract 3D dosimeters are mainly manufactured as single-phase chemical compositions in a container. In most cases, they imitate single soft tissue, such muscle or the brain. Research on imitating lungs and bones is very rare. turn, this work we report first experiments aimed at producing multiphase different tissues one

This work reports on the new chemical dosimeters for UV radiation dose measurements coral reefs and in seawater. The proposed can measure actual of radiation, which consists 95% UVA 5% UVB unlike currently-used radiometers marine ocean waters that separately. are composed water, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) as a gel matrix, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) radiation-sensitive compound. In work, were characterised terms...

This work presents the results of paper laser processing. It begins with selection and examination processing parameters, then an properties modified papers examples applications developed modification method. The laser-modified were studied using reflectance spectrophotometry to examine colour aspects papers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confocal for a morphological analysis, Raman spectroscopy analyse under influence light. on wettability evenness unprinted printed was also...