The water equivalence and stable relative energy response of polymer gel dosimeters are usually taken for granted in the relatively high x-ray range external beam radiotherapy based on qualitative indices such as mass electron density effective atomic number. However, these favourable dosimetric characteristics questionable interest to brachytherapy especially case lower photon sources 103Pd 125I that currently utilized. In this work, six representative formulations well most commonly used...

This work presents an improvement of the VIPARnd ('nd' stands for 'normoxic, double', or VIP) polymer gel dosimeter. The composition was altered by increasing concentration monomeric components, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), in co-solvent solutions. optimal (VIPARCT, where 'CT' computed tomography, VIC) comprised: 17% NVP, 8% MBA, 12% t-BuOH, 7.5% gelatine, 0.007% ascorbic acid, 0.0008% CuSO4 × 5H2O 0.02% hydroquinone. following characteristics VIC were...

Dose distributions registered in water equivalent, polymer gel dosimeters were used to measure the output factors and off‐axis profiles of radiosurgical photon beams employed for CyberKnife radiosurgery. Corresponding measurements also performed using a shielded silicon diode commonly commissioning, PinPoint ion chamber, Gafchromic EBT films, reasons comparison. Polymer results this work 5, 7.5, 10 mm diameter are , respectively. Comparison shows that latter overestimate two small ( 5 beam...

This work discusses the substitution of a gelatine physical gel matrix with made poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) in five 3D radiotherapy polymer dosimeters: MAGAT, PAGAT, NIPAM, VIPARnd (VIP) and VIPARCT (VIC). The current research outcomes showed that not each dosimeter could be manufactured Pluronic F-127. Two dosimeters (PAGAT VIP) containing F-127 allowed for some proper dose response dosimetry (a to range e.g. 0‒50 Gy). new...

This work is a follow-up study for recently-proposed 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter that contains tetrazolium salt and physical matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127). Several salts were examined in this work, including violet, blue chloride, nitro chloride (NBT), tetranitro (tNBT) thiazolyl bromide (TBTB). The salt-containing dosimeters compared with the first Pluronic composition contained 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC)...

This work reports the first results obtained using a new 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter. The dosimeter is an aqueous physical matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127, PEO-PPO-PEO) doped with representative tetrazolium salts, 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). There were several reasons for choice Pluronic as forming substrate: (i) high degree transparency and colourlessness; (ii) possibility preparation at both low...

Abstract This work reports on a new type of combined radiochromic ionizing radiation dosimeter for radiotherapy. The LCV‐Pluronic F‐127 serves this purpose, which is leuco crystal violet embedded in physical hydrogel matrix poly(ethylene oxide)‐ block ‐poly(propylene ‐poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F‐127) with additives. responds to by developing blue color an intensity related the dose. improved lower temperature stability adding sodium chloride (NaCl). Subsequently, method manufacturing...

The subject of this work is polyGeVero® software (GeVero Co., Poland), which has been developed to fill the requirements fast calculations 3D dosimetry data with emphasis on polymer gel for radiotherapy. This comprises four workspaces that have prepared for: (i) calculating calibration curves and equations, (ii) storing characteristics dosimeters, (iii) dose distributions in irradiated (iv) comparing obtained from measurements aid dosimeters calculated treatment planning systems (TPSs). main...

This work describes the measurements of ionizing radiation dose and determination isocenter using a tool consisting three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters dedicated software package. Specific were selected. Their inherent common feature is possibility high-resolution measurement distribution in radiotherapy presence N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer composition alongside other substances such as cross-linking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, oxygen scavengers, stabilizers matrix. The aim this...

This work seeks to verify multi-shot clinical applications of stereotactic radiosurgery with a Leksell Gamma Knife model C unit employing polymer gel-MRI based experimental procedure, which has already been shown be capable verifying the precision and accuracy dose delivery in single-shot gamma knife applications. The treatment plan studied present resembles case pituitary adenoma using four 8 mm one 14 collimator helmet shots deliver prescription 15 Gy 50% isodose line (30 maximum dose)....

This work describes an experimental procedure with potential to assess the overall accuracy associated gamma knife clinical applications, from patient imaging and dosimetry planning positioning dose delivery using automated system of a Leksell Gamma Knife model C. The VIPAR polymer gel-MRI method is employed due its inherent three-dimensional feature linear response over range applications. Different gel vials were irradiated single shot treatment plans each four available collimator helmets...

Abstract Summary: The new polymer gel dosimeter, based on the modification of VIPAR composition, is described for purpose radiation dose distribution measurement in radiotherapy. It features increased concentration two substrates: N‐ vinylpyrrolidone (8%) and gelatine (7.5%) ( N,N ′‐methylenebisacrylamide was maintained at 4%), addition copper sulphate (0.0008%) ascorbic acid (0.007%) order to facilitate preparation through elimination need deoxygenation gel. Following exposure ionizing...

This work describes the fabrication of ammonia gas sensors on textile substrates by using reactive inkjet printing for deposition polyaniline sensing layers. These layers were printed over vacuum deposited gold electrodes designed purposes sensor conductivity analysis. The properties such as linearity, response and recovery times studied in range concentrations from 15 to 100 ppm. fabricated showed a relevant increase relative resistance 0.30 14.4 after exposing at 15-100 ppm 120 sec.

This work reports results related to the manufacturing and optimisation of a leuco crystal violet (LCV)-Pluronic F-127 radiochromic gel dosimeter suitable for 3D radiotherapy dosimetry. A feature this is that natural gelatine polymer, which most often used as matrix in dosimeters, substituted with Pluronic synthetic copolymer (poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide). ensures higher transparency than gelatine, may be beneficial optical computed tomography...

This work presents an approach to the fast determination of a medical accelerator irradiation isocenter as quality assurance (QA) procedure in radiotherapy. The tool is tissue equivalent high-resolution 3D polymer gel dosimeter (PABIGnx) dedicated container combined with kilovoltage imaging systems and polyGeVero-CT software package (v. 1.2, GeVero Co., Poland). Two accelerators were employed: Halcyon TrueBeam (Varian, USA), both equipped cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) iterative...

This work reviews the issue of determining radiation isocenter for quality assurance tests medical accelerators. High resolution 3D polymer gel dosimetry is employed, which composed a dosimeter, iterative cone-beam computed tomography and dedicated software package. Among approaches determination isocenter, centroid does not always produce good result gradient-based optimization method slowest, however produces same results as an analytical solution smallest intersecting circle. A protocol...

Dynamically evolving radiotherapy instruments require advancements in compatible 3D dosimetry systems. This paper reports on such tools for the coincidence test of mechanical and radiation isocenter a medical accelerator as part quality assurance routine practice. Three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters were used combination with reading by iterative cone beam computed tomography data processing using polyGeVero-CT software package. Different following acronyms: VIP, PAGAT, MAGIC, NIPAM....

Besides the fine spatial resolution inherent in polymer gel‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dosimetry, method also features potential for multiple measurements of varying sensitive volume a single experiment by integrating results MRI voxels finite dimensions (i.e., plane slice thickness). This work exploits this feature gel dosimetry to propose an experimental technique relative output factor (OF) small radiosurgical beams. Two vials were irradiated with 5 and 30 mm diameter 6 MV...