Advances in design and fabrication of functional micro/nanomaterials have sparked growing interest creating new mobile microswimmers for various healthcare applications, including local drug other cargo (e.g., gene, stem cell, imaging agent) delivery. Such microswimmer-based delivery is typically passive by diffusion the material from swimmer body; however, controlled active release essential on-demand, precise, effective Here, we propose a magnetically powered, double-helical microswimmer 6...

Leukocyte-inspired microrollers enable upstream propulsion, controlled navigation, and targeted active drug delivery in blood flow.

Morphology-dependent immunogenicity obliges a compromise on the locomotion-focused design of medical microrobots.

Mobile microrobots hold remarkable potential to revolutionize health care by enabling unprecedented active medical interventions and theranostics, such as cargo delivery microsurgical manipulations in hard-to-reach body sites. High-resolution imaging control of cell-sized the vivo vascular system remains an unsolved challenge toward their clinical use. To overcome this limitation, we propose noninvasive real-time detection tracking circulating using optoacoustic imaging. We devised...

Untethered microrobots offer a great promise for localized targeted therapy in hard-to-access spaces our body. Despite recent advancements, most microrobot propulsion capabilities have been limited to homogenous Newtonian fluids. However, the biological fluids present body are heterogeneous and shear rate-dependent rheological properties, which limit of using conventional designs actuation methods. We propose an acoustically powered microrobotic system, consisting three-dimensionally printed...

Abstract Electrical stimulation is a fundamental tool in studying neural circuits, treating neurological diseases, and advancing regenerative medicine. Injectable, free-standing piezoelectric particle systems have emerged as non-genetic wireless alternatives for electrode-based tethered systems. However, achieving cell-specific high-frequency remains challenging due to high-intensity thresholds, non-specific diffusion, internalization of particles. Here, we develop cell-sized 20 μm-diameter...

Microrobots offer transformative solutions for non-invasive medical interventions due to their small size and untethered operation inside the human body. However, they must face immune system as a natural protection mechanism against foreign threats. Here, non-immunogenic stealth zwitterionic microrobots that avoid recognition from cells are introduced. Fully photoresists developed two-photon polymerization 3D microprinting of hydrogel with ample functionalization: tunable mechanical...

Abstract Biohybrid microswimmers exploit the swimming and navigation of a motile microorganism to target deliver cargo molecules in wide range biomedical applications. Medical biohybrid suffer from low manufacturing yields, which would significantly limit their potential In present study, design strategy is reported, where thin soft uniform coating layer noncovalently assembled around microorganism. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (a single‐cell green alga) used as biological model along with...

Significance Controlled microrobotic navigation in blood vessels holds significant potential to revolutionize targeted drug delivery. Navigation on the surface of is advantageous because decreased flow velocities; however, microtopography vessels, size scale microrobots, a major hurdle for robust locomotion surface-rolling microrobots against flow. Here, we show effect body-shape anisotropy microrollers their capability over vessel-like microtopographies. We demonstrate by experiments and...

While a majority of wireless microrobots have shown multi-responsiveness to implement complex biomedical functions, their functional executions are strongly dependent on the range stimulus inputs, which curtails diversity. Furthermore, responsive functions coupled each other, results in overlap task operations. Here, 3D-printed multifunctional microrobot inspired by pollen grains with three hydrogel components is demonstrated: iron platinum (FePt) nanoparticle-embedded pentaerythritol...

Biological cilia play essential roles in self-propulsion, food capture, and cell transportation by performing coordinated metachronal motions. Experimental studies to emulate the biological coordination are challenging at micrometer length scale because of current limitations fabrication methods materials. We report on creation wirelessly actuated magnetic artificial with biocompatibility programmability scale. Each cilium is fabricated direct laser printing a silk fibroin hydrogel beam...

Medical microrobotics is an emerging field to revolutionize clinical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics of various diseases. On the other hand, mobile has important obstacles pass before translation. This article focuses on these challenges provides a roadmap medical microrobots enable their use. From concept "magic bullet" physicochemical interactions complex biological environments applications, there are several translational steps consider. Clinical translation only possible...

Ionically cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles have great potential in nanomedicine due to their tunable properties and cationic nature. However, low solubility of severely limits clinical translation. PEGylation is a well-known method increase neutral media; however, effect PEG chain length chitosan/PEG ratio on particle size zeta are not known. This study presents systematic analysis the nanoparticles. We prepared PEGylated chains prior nanoparticle synthesis with different lengths ratios....

Abstract Controlled microrobotic navigation in the vascular system can revolutionize minimally invasive medical applications, such as targeted drug and gene delivery. Magnetically controlled surface microrollers have emerged a promising platform for circulatory system. Locomotion of micrororollers strong flow velocities is highly challenging task, which requires magnetic materials having actuation properties while being biocompatible. The L1 0 ‐FePt coating achieve requirements. Therefore,...

Biological microorganisms overcome the Brownian motion at low Reynolds numbers by utilizing symmetry-breaking mechanisms. Inspired them, various microrobot locomotion methods have been developed microscale breaking hydrodynamic symmetry. Although boundary effects extensively studied for microswimmers and employed surface-rolling microrobots, behavior of microrobots in proximity multiple wall-based "confinement" is yet to be elucidated. Here, we study confinement effect on microrobots. Our...

Wireless magnetic microrobots are envisioned to revolutionize minimally invasive medicine. While many promising medical proposed, the ones using hard materials not mostly biocompatible, and biocompatible soft nanoparticles magnetically very weak and, therefore, difficult actuate. Thus, micro/nanomaterials essential toward easy-to-actuate clinically viable 3D microrobots. To fill such crucial gap, this study proposes ferromagnetic iron platinum (FePt) nanoparticle-based microprinting of...

Untethered soft miniature robots capable of accessing hard-to-reach regions can enable new, disruptive, and minimally invasive medical procedures. However, once the control input is removed, these easily move from their target location because dynamic motion body tissues or fluids, thereby restricting use in many long-term applications. To overcome this, we propose a wireless spring-preloaded barbed needle release mechanism, which provide up to 1.6 N force drive into allow robust on-demand...

Surface microrollers have emerged as a promising microrobotic platform for navigation in the circulatory system future drug/gene delivery applications. The comprises various vessels with different dimensions, blood flow velocities, and regimes. Therefore, performance of surface would vary vessels. Herein, microrollers, diameters between 5 50 μm, inside systemic circulation including veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries is investigated computational fluid dynamics simulations....

Controlled microrobotic navigation inside the body possesses significant potential for various biomedical engineering applications. Successful application requires considering imaging, control, and biocompatibility. Interaction with biological environments is also a crucial factor in ensuring safe application, but can pose counterintuitive hydrodynamic barriers, limiting use of microrobots. Surface rolling microrobots or surface microrollers robust platform applications; however,...

Experimentation of nanomedicine is labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and requires costly laboratory consumables. Constructing a reliable mathematical model for such systems also challenging due to the difficulties in gathering sufficient number data points. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are indicated as an efficient approach investigate cause‐effect relationships predict output variables. Herein, ANN adapted into plasmid DNA (pDNA) encapsulated PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles...

Magnetically actuated Janus surface microrollers are promising microrobotic platform with numerous potential biomedical engineering applications. While the locomotion models based on a "rotating sphere nearby wall" can be adapted to microrollers, real-world dynamics may differ from proposed theories/simulations. In this study, we examine efficiency of diameters 5, 10, 25, and 50 µm demonstrate that computational fluid simulations cannot accurately capture characteristics for different sizes...

Microparticle manipulation and trapping play pivotal roles in biotechnology. To achieve effective within fluidic flow conditions confined spaces, it is necessary to consider the physical properties of microparticles types forces applied. While acoustic waves have shown potential for manipulating microparticles, existing setups involve complex actuation mechanisms unstable microbubbles. Consequently, need persists an easily deployable setup with stable microparticles. Here, we propose use...

An ultrafast and convenient method for PEGylation of chitosan nanoparticles has been established through a photopolymerization reaction between the acrylate groups PEG methacrylated-chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticle characteristics under physiological pH conditions were optimized altered chain length, concentration duration UV exposure. developed here potential clinical translation It also allows scalable fast synthesis with colloidal stability.