G. F. Bignami
A5076564337- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- History and Developments in Astronomy
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Space exploration and regulation
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
2009-2019
National Institute for Astrophysics
2005-2016
Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
1998-2014
Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia
2007-2014
Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology
2012
Mylan (South Africa)
1977-2009
Institute for Advanced Study
2009
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
2003-2008
Centre National d'Études Spatiales
2003-2008
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2003-2008
(Abridged) The Large Area Telescope (Fermi/LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on Fermi Gamma-ray Space (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy gamma-ray telescope, covering energy range from below 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV. This paper describes LAT, its pre-flight expected performance, and summarizes key science objectives that will be addressed. On-orbit performance presented in detail a subsequent paper. LAT pair-conversion telescope with precision...
The European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) consortium has provided the focal plane instruments for three X-ray mirror systems on XMM-Newton. Two cameras with a reflecting grating spectrometer in optical path are equipped MOS type CCDs as detectors (Turner [CITE]), telescope full photon flux operates novel pn-CCD an imaging spectrometer. camera system was developed under leadership of Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching. concept is described well different...
The EPIC focal plane imaging spectrometers on XMM-Newton use CCDs to record the images and spectra of celestial X-ray sources focused by three mirrors. There is one camera at focus each mirror; two cameras contain seven MOS CCDs, while third uses twelve PN defining a circular field view 30′ diameter in case. were specially developed for EPIC, combine high quality with spectral resolution close Fano limit. A filter wheel carrying kinds transparent light blocking filter, fully closed, open...
We present the second catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by Large Area Telescope (LAT), primary science instrument on Fermi Gamma-ray Space (Fermi), derived from data taken during first 24 months phase mission, which began 2008 August 4. Source detection is based average flux over 24-month period. The Second Fermi-LAT (2FGL) includes source location regions, defined in terms elliptical fits to 95% confidence regions and spectral power-law, exponentially cutoff or log-normal...
ABSTRACT Following its launch in 2008 June, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope ( ) began a sky survey August. The Large Area (LAT) on three months produced deeper and better resolved map of γ-ray than any previous space mission. We present here initial results for energies above 100 MeV 205 most significant (statistical significance greater ∼10σ) sources these data. These are best characterized localized point-like (i.e., spatially unresolved) early mission
view Abstract Citations (421) References (61) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS High-energy gamma-ray results from the second Small Astronomy Satellite. Fichtel, C. E. ; Hartman, R. Kniffen, D. A. Thompson, J. Bignami, G. F. Ögelman, H. Özel, M. Tümer, T. Data are reported which were obtained with a high-energy (exceeding 35 Mev) telescope flown on Satellite (SAS-2). The galactic gamma radiation is observed to dominate over general diffuse along...
The well known Crab Nebula is at the center of SN1054 supernova remnant. It consists a rotationally-powered pulsar interacting with surrounding nebula through relativistic particle wind. emissions originating from and have been considered to be essentially stable. Here we report detection strong gamma-ray (100 MeV-10 GeV) flares observed by AGILE satellite in September, 2010 October, 2007. In both cases, unpulsed flux increased factor 3 compared non-flaring flux. flare luminosity short...
Pulsars are rapidly-rotating, highly-magnetized neutron stars emitting radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there more than 1800 known radio pulsars, until recently, only seven were observed to pulse in gamma rays and these all discovered at other wavelengths. The Fermi Large Area Telescope makes it possible pinpoint through their gamma-ray pulsations. We report detection of 16 pulsars blind frequency searches using LAT. Most coincident with previously unidentified...
view Abstract Citations (380) References (19) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Second COS-B catalogue of high-energy gamma-ray sources. Swanenburg, B. N. ; Bennett, K. Bignami, G. F. Buccheri, R. Caraveo, P. Hermsen, W. Kanbach, Lichti, Masnou, J. L. Mayer-Hasselwander, H. A. Paul, Sacco, Scarsi, Wills, D. A list 25 (greater than 100 MeV) sources detected by COS B is presented. Only four are identified with well-known objects. Of the remaining...
Gamma-Ray Pulsar Bonanza Most of the pulsars we know about were detected through their radio emission; a few are known to pulse gamma rays but first at other wavelengths (see Perspective by Halpern ). Using Fermi Space Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 840 , published online 2 July; see cover) report detection 16 previously unknown based on gamma-ray emission alone. Thirteen these coincide with unidentified sources, solving 30-year-old mystery identities. Pulsars fast-rotating neutron stars. With...
We present the AGILE gamma-ray observations in energy range 50 MeV - 10 GeV of supernova remnant (SNR) W44, one most interesting systems for studying cosmic-ray production. W44 is an intermediate-age SNR (20, 000 years) and its ejecta expand a dense medium as shown by prominent radio shell, nearby molecular clouds, bright [SII] emitting regions. extend our analysis to energies substantially lower than previous measurements which could not conclusively establish nature radiation. find that...
XMM-Newton EPIC observations of PSR B0656+14, B1055-52, and Geminga have substantially increased the collection statistics available for these three isolated neutron stars, so apparently similar to deserve nickname Three Musketeers, given them by Becker & Trümper. Here we take advantage perform phase-resolved spectroscopy all objects. The phase-averaged spectrum Musketeers is best described a three-component model. This includes two blackbody components—a cooler one, possibly originating...
Observations with the Newton X-ray Multimirror Mission satellite show a strong periodic modulation at 6.67 +/- 0.03 hours of x-ray source center 2000-year-old supernova remnant RCW 103. No fast pulsations are visible. If genetically tied to remnant, could either be an binary, composed compact object and low-mass star in eccentric orbit, or isolated neutron star. In latter case, combination its age period would indicate that it is peculiar magnetar, dramatically slowed down, possibly by...
In Volume 5 of the Annual Review Astronomy and Astrophysics (1967) Giovanni Fazio (76a) wrote that ... up until now, no photons energy greater than 100 keV originating from beyond solar system have definitely been detected. Fourteen years later, gamma-ray astronomy is an accepted branch observational astrophysics, with something like 105 (E > MeV) our having collected. The motivations for doing today are same as those were so attractively depicted in fifties to spur on experimental efforts...
view Abstract Citations (152) References (72) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Galaxies and gamma-ray astronomy. Bignami, G. F. ; Fichtel, C. E. Hartman, R. Thompson, D. J. The nature of the high-energy spectra several types active galaxies their contribution to measured diffuse emission between 1 150 MeV are considered, using X-ray SAS 2 data regarding intensity upper limits above 35 MeV. It is found that a substantial increase in slope photon...
The distance to the Vela pulsar (PSR B0833-45) has been traditionally assumed be 500 pc. Although affected by a significant uncertainty, this value stuck both and SNR. In an effort obtain model free measurement, we have applied high resolution astrometry V~23.6 optical counterpart. Using set of five HST/WFPC2 observations, obtained first measurement annual parallax pulsar. turns out 3.4 +/- 0.7 mas, implying 294(-50;+76) pc, i.e. significantly lower than previously believed. This affects...
Using data from Hubble Space Telescope observations, we report the first optical measurement of annual parallax a neutron star. This is counterpart X-ray/γ-ray pulsar Geminga, for which strong proper motion has already been reported. Significant displacement such detected using WFPC2 taken at dates maximum predicted parallactic factor. The resulting distance value 157 pc (+59, -34), just consistent with lower end wide range derived X-ray data.
view Abstract Citations (126) References (23) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS An identification for "GEMINGA" (2CG 195+04) 1E 0630+178 : a unique object in the error box of high-energy gamma-ray source. Bignami, G. F. ; Caraveo, P. A. Lamb, R. C. In search counterparts COS B sources, 2CG 195+04 was observed with Einstein Observatory. Four sources have been found, three near to detection limit and one, 0630+178, at flux level approximately...
view Abstract Citations (126) References (14) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Gamma-rays from atomic and molecular gas in the first galactic quadrant Lebrun, F. ; Bennett, K. Bignami, G. Bloemen, J. B. M. Buccheri, R. Caraveo, P. A. Gottwald, Hermsen, W. Kanbach, Mayer-Hasselwander, H. Montmerle, T. Paul, Sacco, Strong, Wills, D. Dame, Cohen S. Thaddeus, The fully sampled Columbia 1 deg CO survey Berkeley H I are compared with COS B gamma-ray...