Conjugative transfer, in the apparent absence of plasmid DNA, high-level vancomycin resistance from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus B111 has been demonstrated vivo and vitro. Selection transconjugants on media containing erythromycin or chloramphenicol may result transfer erythromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin though these are capable separate transfer. Vancomycin not transmitted staphylococcus achieved.

Twenty-six nurses were repeatedly screened for carriage of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA) immediately before and after duty periods in which they solely attended six patients widely colonized with two EMRSA strains distinguishable by plasmid analysis. was detected 13 nurses. Three patterns emerged: transient 12 nurses, when the isolated from noses or fingers but gone their next day's duty; short-term nasal carriage, seen on occasion 4 these consecutive screens;...

Although the deleterious effect of Staphylococcus aureus on atopic eczema is well recognized, mechanism this may be more complex than pyogenic infection alone. We have shown that majority S. cultures isolated from produced exotoxins with superantigenic properties, although was no frequent in a control group, and not restricted to one particular superantigen. However, widespread nature staphylococcal infections indicates sufficient superantigen released cause T-lymphocyte activation, cytokine...

ABSTRACT Two rapid spectroscopic approaches for whole-organism fingerprinting of pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (PyMS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze a group 29 clinical reference Candida isolates. These strains had been identified by conventional means as belonging one the three species albicans , C. dubliniensis (previously reported atypical ), stellatoidea (which is also closely related ). To observe relationships isolates judged PyMS FT-IR, spectral...

Nose, throat and finger carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in a series random samples from normal European population. No evidence for seasonal trend found but the intersample variation between successive obtained. The mean nasal carrier rate 29 % with standard deviation 7 %. association or staphylococci stay hospital antibiotic therapy respondents penicillin-resistant nose had skin infections more frequently than those penicillin-sensitive strains. Evidence obtained family,...

Values are given for the median equivalent diameters and inter-quartile range, of airborne particles carrying a variety micro-organisms. Organisms associated with human disease or carriage were usually found on in range 4–20 μ diameter. Many fungi appeared to be present air as single spores. We should like acknowledge collaboration Dr Yvonne M. Clayton collection examination fungal samples.

SUMMARY: The fungal flora of the air hospital wards was investigated by using slit samplers. Isolations were made on Sabouraud glucose agar and particular attention paid to which grew at 37°. Aspergillus fumigatus recovered each 78 days sampling reached peak incidence in autumn winter months; no other species 37° with such regularity. Bed sweeps revealed presence these fungi blankets wards. mean equivalent diameter air-borne particles determined for several found correspond closely that...

Erythromycin-resistant staphylococci can be divided into two phenotypic classes based on their pattern of cross-resistance to other macrolides, lincosamides and type B streptogramins. Strains inducibly or constitutively resistant all MLS antibiotics possess erythromycin ribosomal methylase (erm) genes, whereas strains only 14 15-membered ring macrolides streptogramins harbour msrA, which encodes an ATP-dependent efflux pump. Dot-blot hybridization was used study the distribution ermA, ermB,...

Over a three-year period, 217 episodes of bacterial peritonitis occurred in 183 patient years. Thirty-seven were due to Staphylococcus aureus and 19 (51%) these required removal the catheter eradicate infection. This compared with loss 4/63 (6.3%) coagulase negative staphylococci infections (p less than 0.001); 7/67 (9.5%) culture 10/30 (33.3%) gram-negative organisms 0.05). half (51.3%) S. associated exit-site infections, this rose 100% (10/10) recurrent 0.01). A prospective analysis nasal...

A recombinant human parvovirus B19 vaccine (MEDI-491; MedImmune) composed of the VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins formulated with MF59C.1 adjuvant was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, phase 1 trial. Parvovirus B19–seronegative adults (n=24) received either 2.5 or 25 μg MEDI-491 at 0, 1, 6 months. safe immunogenic. All volunteers developed neutralizing antibody titers that peaked after third immunization were sustained through study day 364

The dispersal of staphylococci during undressing in a cubicle has been investigated. ability to disperse appears be largely dependent on the degree contamination skin with staphylococci. There are some major differences numbers bacteria and scales disseminated by different groups people, <i>e.g.</i>, patients disease more than did normal persons. Differences dissemination between males females appeared due clothing.

The nasal carrier status of 3,736 patients was determined throughout their stay in hospital. rate on admission, which highest under 20 years age, did not appear to vary with season.The carriage strains resistant penicillin increased the patients' hospital from 13.% admission 20.5% discharge, and acquisition these enhanced by administration antibiotics. Patients discharged carrying staphylococci acquired lost them more readily than strain they had carried 31% those tetracycline being...

The carriage rates for C. albicans were found to vary different groups of people but hospital patients appeared have higher than the non-hospital population. Candida was recovered more frequently from bedding that school children. variable concentration this fungus in air and on suggested its presence might be related individual patients.

The fatty acid methyl esters of nineteen unidentified pathogenic coryneform bacteria were analysed by gas‐liquid chromatography and the resulting profiles compared with those type or reference strains possibly related species, namely Caseobacter polymorphus, Corynebacterium bovis, C. diphtheriae, xerosis Rhodococcus equi. All had distinct but most them conformed to a general pattern, high levels octadecanoic acids only trace amounts 10‐methyl (tuberculostearic acid). These very similar from...

Following two outbreaks of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a maternity unit, 500 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic were screened for carriage epidermolytic toxin producing Staphylococcus aureus. Nasal, axillary, and perineal swabs collected from whose gestational ages ranged 12-40 weeks. Isolates S aureus purified, phage typed, tested methicillin sensitivity production toxin. The results showed that 164 (33%) carried aureus; these, 100 (61%) the nose three (2%) axillae,...

Summary Dispersal of skin micro-organisms into the air during undressing was studied in 72 members surgical and nursing staff. Few pathogens were found to be dispersed. Males dispersed more normal organisms than did females. also heavily colonised females, sex differences dispersal diminished when allowance made for denser colonisation males. correlated most strongly with counts on thighs abdomen males but shins

The dangers to the handler of syringes used for routine injections were found be negligible, but known infected and those contaminated with antibiotics should autoclaved before handling as a high proportion these carry pathogenic organisms. Mechanical methods cleaning instruments are assessed. use an artificial soil testing purposes is described. Using this soil, ultrasonics by themselves inadequate instruments. Agitation essential syringes, insufficient Detergents therefore adjunct process....

Curie‐point pyrolysis mass spectra were obtained from reference Propionibacterium strains and canine isolates. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained by supervised learning (with the back‐propagation algorithm) to recognize these their spectra; all isolated dogs identified as human wild type P. acnes. This is an important nosological discovery, demonstrates that combination of spectrometry ANNs provides objective, rapid accurate identification technique. Bacteria different biopsy...

Summary Plasmids mediating high-level resistance to mupirocin (MIC > 1000 mg/L) in staphylococci from various sources were studied by restriction endonuclease cleavage. Several patterns obtained but six plasmids isolated Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis strains indistinguishable. The diversity spread of these is illustrated.