Ammonia is an industrial chemical and the basic building block for fertilizer industry. Lately, attention has shifted towards using ammonia as a carbon-free energy vector, due to ease of transportation storage in liquid state at −33 °C atmospheric pressure. This study evaluates prospects blue green future carriers; specifically, gas switching reforming (GSR) concept H2 N2 co-production from natural with inherent CO2 capture (blue), generation through optimized value chain wind solar power,...

Adsorption-based CO2 capture has enjoyed considerable research attention in recent years. Most of the efforts focused on sorbent development to reduce energy penalty. However, use suitable gas–solid contacting systems is key for extracting full potential from minimize operating and capital costs accelerate commercial deployment technology. This paper reviews several reactor configurations that were proposed adsorption-based capture. The fundamental behavior adsorption different contactors...

Rising climate change ambitions require large-scale clean hydrogen production in the near term. “Blue” from conventional steam methane reforming (SMR) with pre-combustion CO2 capture can fulfil this role. This study therefore presents techno-economic assessments of a range SMR process configurations to minimize costs. Results showed that avoid up 80% emissions cheaply at 35 €/ton, but final 20% is much more expensive marginal avoidance cost around 150 €/ton. Thus, post-combustion should be...

Growing climate change concerns are driving interest in alternative energy carriers to fossil fuels. Methanol (MeOH) is a promising candidate alleviate the challenges faced by hydrogen regarding transportation and storage, with developed pre-existing infrastructure well-known scalable synthesis process. This study presents techno-economic assessment of different avenues for producing MeOH from 1) natural gas 2) renewable direct air capture (DAC), effective CO2 removal atmosphere. Under...

Steam methane reforming with CO2 capture (blue hydrogen) and water electrolysis based on renewable electricity (green are commonly assumed to be the main supply options in a future hydrogen economy. However, another promising method is emerging form of natural gas pyrolysis (turquoise pure carbon as valuable by-product. To better understand potential turquoise hydrogen, this study presents techno-economic assessment molten salt process. Results show that moderate reactor pressures around 12...

Hydrogen is a promising carbon-neutral energy carrier for future decarbonized sector. This work presents process simulation studies of the gas switching reforming (GSR) hydrogen production with integrated CO2 capture (GSR-H2 process) at minimal penalty. Like conventional steam methane (SMR) process, GSR combusts off-gas fuel from pressure swing adsorption unit to supply heat endothermic reactions. However, completes this combustion using chemical looping mechanism achieve separation. For...

The hydrogen economy is currently experiencing a surge in attention, partly due to the possibility of absorbing variable renewable energy (VRE) production peaks through electrolysis. A fundamental challenge with this approach low utilization rates various parts integrated electricity-hydrogen system. To assess importance capacity utilization, paper introduces novel stylized numerical system model incorporating major elements electricity and generation, transmission storage, including both...

Adsorption-based post-combustion CO2 capture is enjoying significant research attention due to its potential for reductions in energy penalty, cost and environmental impact. Recent sorbent development work has focussed on polyethyleneimine (PEI) dry sorbents that exhibit attractively low regeneration requirements. The main objective of this study identify best suitable the recently published swing adsorption reactor cluster (SARC) concept. screening results four indicated two PEI be good...

The swing adsorption reactor cluster is a promising new method for post-combustion CO2 capture using synergistic combination of temperature and pressure swings. carried out by vacuum pump allows 90% only small swing, which heat pump. the to transfer from carbonation regeneration at very high efficiency, minimizing energy penalty. When applied cement plant, penalty reduces further relative coal power plant that has lower content in flue gas. Higher concentrations allow given ratio be achieved...

While the effects of ongoing cost reductions in renewables, batteries, and electrolyzers on future energy systems have been extensively investigated, significant advances CO2 capture storage (CCS) technologies received much less attention. This research gap is addressed via a long-term (2050) system model loosely based Germany, yielding four main findings. First, CCS-enabled pathways offer greatest benefits hydrogen sector, where prices can be reduced by two-thirds relative to scenario...

The expansion of wind and solar power is creating a growing need for system flexibility. Dispatchable plants with CO2 capture storage (CCS) offer flexibility low emissions, but these become uneconomical at the running hours implied by renewables-based systems. To address this challenge, novel gas switching reforming (GSR) plant was recently proposed. GSR can alternate between electricity hydrogen production from natural gas, offering to without reducing utilization rate capital stock...

Variable renewable energy (VRE) is expected to play a major role in the decarbonization of electricity sector. However, via VRE requires fleet flexible dispatchable plants with low CO2 emissions supply clean power during times limited wind and sunlight. These will need operate at reduced capacity factors frequent ramps output, posing techno-economic challenges. This study therefore presents an economic assessment new near-zero emission plant designed for this purpose. The gas switching...

Gas switching reforming (GSR) is a promising technology for natural gas with inherent CO2 capture. Like conventional steam methane (SMR), GSR can be integrated water-gas shift and pressure swing adsorption units pure hydrogen production. The resulting GSR-H2 process concept was techno-economically assessed in this study. Results showed that achieve 96% capture at avoidance cost of 15 $/ton (including transport storage). Most components the are proven technologies, but long-term oxygen...

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising method for power production with integrated CO2 capture almost no direct energy penalty. When into natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plant, however, CLC imposes large indirect penalty because the maximum achievable reactor temperature far below firing of state-of-the-art turbines. This study presents techno-economic assessment plant that circumvents this limitation via an added combustor after reactors. Without combustor, amounts to...

The hydrogen economy is receiving increasing attention as a complement to electrification in the global energy transition. Clean production often viewed competition between natural gas reforming with CO2 capture and electrolysis using renewable electricity. However, solid fuel gasification presents another viable alternative, especially when considering potential of biomass achieve negative emissions. This study investigates techno-economic from large-scale coal/biomass co-gasification...