Hepatozoon ayorgbor n. sp. is described from specimens of Python regius imported Ghana. Gametocytes were found in the peripheral blood 43 55 snakes examined. Localization gametocytes was mainly inside erythrocytes; free 15 (34.9%) positive specimens. Infections laboratory-reared Culex quinquefasciatus feeding on infected snakes, as well experimental infection juvenile by ingestion mosquitoes, performed to complete life cycle. Similarly, transmission different snake species (Boa constrictor...

Tarantula urticating setae are modified located on the abdomen or pedipalps, which represent an effective defensive mechanism against vertebrate invertebrate predators and intruders. They also useful taxonomic tools as morphological characters facilitating classification of New World theraphosid spiders. In present study, morphology was studied 144 taxa theraphosids, including ontogenetic stages in chosen species, except for species with type VII. The typology revised, types I, III IV were...

We designed and tested species-specific PCR primers to detect Trichobilharzia species via environmental DNA (eDNA) barcoding in selected Austrian water bodies. Tests were performed with eDNA samples from the field as well artificial lab, where snails releasing cercariae kept aquariums. From two localities, was documented based on release of snails, enabling morphological identification. In both cases, corresponding detected eDNA: szidati physellae. Nonetheless, stochasticity high replicates....

Two experimental trials were performed to elucidate the role of rodents in life cycle Hepatozoon species using snakes as intermediate hosts.In one trial, two ball pythons, Python regius Shaw, 1802 force fed livers laboratory mice previously inoculated with sporocysts ayorgbor Sloboda, Kamler, Bulantová, Votýpka et Modrý, 2007.Transmission was successful these experimentally infected evidenced by appearance intraerythrocytic gamonts, which persisted until end 12 months after...

Abstract Background Cercariae of schistosomes employ bioactive molecules for penetration into their hosts. These are released from specialized unicellular glands upon stimuli host skin. The were previously well-described in the human pathogen Schistosoma mansoni . As bird can also penetrate skin and cause cercarial dermatitis, our aim was to characterize architecture ultrastructure neurotropic schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti compare it with S. In context different histolytic enzymes used...

The invasive larvae (cercariae) of schistosomes penetrate the skin their definitive hosts. During invasion, they undergo dramatic ultrastructural and physiological transitions. These changes result in development subsequent stage, schistosomulum, which migrates through host tissues close contact with host's immune system. One striking transforming cercariae is shedding thick tegumental glycocalyx, represents an immunoattractive structure; therefore its removal helps to avoid attack. A set...

Schistosome invasive stages, cercariae, leave intermediate snail hosts, penetrate the skin of definitive and transform to schistosomula which migrate final location. During invasion, cercariae employ histolytic other bioactive products specialized holocrine secretory cells – postacetabular (PA) circumacetabular (CA) penetration glands. Although several studies attempted characterize protein composition in vitro-induced gland secretions Schistosoma mansoni japonicum, results were somewhat...

Swimmer's itch is a re-emerging human disease caused by bird schistosome cercariae, which can infect bathing or working people in water bodies. Even if cercariae fail after penetrating the skin, they cause dangerous symptoms atypical mammal hosts. One of natural methods to reduce presence environment could lie introduction non-host snail species ecosystem, known as "dilution" "decoy" effect. The caenogastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum-an alien Europe-could be good candidate against swimmer's...

Abstract Trichobilharzia species are parasitic flatworms (called schistosomes or flukes) that cause important diseases in birds and humans, but very little is known about their molecular biology. Here, using a transcriptomics-bioinformatics-based approach, we explored aspects pertaining to the nutritional requirements of szidati (‘visceral fluke’) T . regenti (‘neurotropic avian host. We studied larvae each before they enter (cercariae) as migrate (schistosomules) through distinct tissues...

No effective method has yet been developed to prevent the threat posed by emerging disease-cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch), caused infective cercariae of bird schistosomes (Digenea: Schistosomatidae). In our previous studies, New Zealand mud snail-Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1853; Gastropoda, Tateidae)-was used as a barrier between miracidia Trichobilharzia regenti and target snails Radix balthica. Since presence non-indigenous reduced parasite prevalence under laboratory...

Abstract Background Avian schistosomes, the causative agents of human cercarial dermatitis (or swimmer’s itch), die in mammals but mechanisms responsible for parasite elimination are unknown. Here we examined role reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, immune response mice experimentally infected with Trichobilharzia regenti , a model species avian schistosomes remarkable its neuropathogenicity. Methods Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was localized by...

Abstract Like several other bird schistosomes, neurotropic schistosome of Trichobilharzia regenti can invade also mammals, including humans. Repeated infections cause cercarial dermatitis, a skin inflammatory reaction leading to parasite elimination in non-specific mammalian hosts. However, experimentally primo-infected mice, the worms escape from and migrate central nervous system. In order evade host immune reactions, schistosomes undergo cercaria/schistosomulum transformation accompanied...

There is a great need to understand the impact of complex communities on free-living parasite stages that are part them. This task becomes more as nonnative species emerge, changing existing relationships and shaping new interactions in community. A relevant question would be: Can coexistence nontarget snails with target hosts contribute trematodasis control? We used field experimental approaches investigate competitor-induced dilution. During three-year study, we investigated digenean...

In Europe, avian schistosomes of the genus