While previous research has indicated the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying spider species sampled from a localized region, effectiveness this method over broader geographic scale and with denser taxon sampling not yet been extensively considered. Using both new published data 1801 individuals belonging to 361 morphospecies, study examined intra- interspecific divergences for 19 genera that were each represented by at least 10 morphospecies. We particularly focused on increasing...

Experimental studies of the impact climatic change are hampered by their inability to consider multiple climate scenarios and indeed often no more than simple sensitivity such as a uniform increase in temperature. Modelling efforts offer ability much wider range realistic projections therefore useful, particular, for estimating predictions differences geographical location, choice scenario model projections. In this study, we used well-established degree-day models predict voltinism 13...

Abstract Complex DNA damage (CDD), containing two or more lesions within one helical turns, is a signature of ionising radiation (IR) and contributes significantly to the therapeutic effect through cell killing. The levels complexity CDD increases with linear energy transfer (LET), however, specific cellular response this type critical proteins essential for repair currently unclear. We performed an siRNA screen ~240 identify those specifically involved in controlling survival high-LET...

Abstract Later spring termination of fall‐planted cover crops can result in more biomass production, which has the potential to improve environmental benefits. However, later crop also have harm cash crops, such as through increases corn seedling disease. With objective better understanding competing interactions, we evaluated impact early and late timing two crops—cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) hairy vetch Vicia villosa Roth.)—on growth, disease, grain yield 2021 2022 Nebraska. The total...

Western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) field-evolved resistance to transgenic maize expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been confirmed across United States Corn Belt. Although use of pyramided hybrids + Cry34/35Ab1 increased in recent years mitigate existing WCR Bt resistance, susceptibility Nebraska populations this rootworm-Bt pyramid not assessed. Plant-based bioassays were used characterize and maize. Populations collected...

Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of wilt strawberry, is a major soilborne pathogen in California strawberry production. Recent shifts disease management have necessitated alternative methods for control. Two field experiments were conducted to examine efficacy sequential fumigant applications crop termination and bed fumigation reduce dahliae inoculum density naturally infested field. Fumigant was evaluated reducing survival host tissue. Crop using metam potassium sodium. Bed both...

Abstract Corn ( Zea mays L.) yields have increased in the United States since 1930s and other parts of world 1950s 1960s because improvements agricultural management genotypes. Despite these increases, production concerns still exist. In July 2016, abnormal ear development (multi‐ears per node, barbell‐ears, short‐husks) was reported cornfields that extended from Texas Panhandle to eastern Colorado east through Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois. Surveys Nebraska farmer fields revealed...

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, is an economically important pest of field ( Zea mays L.) across the United States (U.S.) Corn Belt. Repeated use transgenic hybrids expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins has selected for field-evolved resistance to all current rootworm-active Bt proteins. newest product available WCR management SmartStax ® PRO, a pyramid containing Cry3Bb1, Cry34/35Ab1 [now reclassified as Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1] and new mode action, DvSnf7...

Abstract BACKGROUND Crop pest management requires an understanding of the complex interactions among species that potentially impact crop yield. In soybean, velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), and soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), are described as key pests, sharing same feeding guild. We assessed intraguild these under laboratory conditions. Fitness cost study was conducted to examine influence competition on insect development. A video tracking system...

Abstract Relative to fallow-cash crop rotations, the addition of a cover can contribute greater plant diversity and has potential conserve predatory arthropods. The transition arthropods from subsequent cash depends on several factors, such as biomass production weather conditions. Information about effect planting termination dates in corn system is limited. A two-year field study was conducted Nebraska 2018/2019 2019/2020 evaluate impact source for corn. total 38,074 50,626 were collected...

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a significant pest of field corn, Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae), across the United States Corn Belt. Widespread adoption and continuous use hybrids expressing Cry3Bb1 protein to manage rootworm has resulted in greater than expected injury Cry3Bb1-expressing multiple areas Nebraska. Single-plant bioassays were conducted on larval populations determine level resistance present various Nebraska counties....

Abstract Corn ( Zea mays L.) yields have increased historically, but production concerns still exist. For decades, abnormal corn ear development symptoms been reported. Most of these reports not addressed through research, perhaps due to low occurrence and challenges in replicating them. In 2016, widespread (multiple ears per node, barbell‐ears, short‐husk ears) issues were reported several cornfields the Texas Panhandle, Eastern Colorado, Nebraska, other US Midwest states. Fields with a...

How do statistical regression results compare to intuitive, visually fitted results? Fitting lines by eye through a set of points has been explored since the 20th century. Common methods fitting trends involve maneuvering string, black thread, or ruler until fit is suitable, then drawing line points. In 2015, New York Times introduced an interactive feature, called ‘You Draw It,’ where readers are asked input their own assumptions about various metrics and how these relate reality. This...

The monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., has evolved to be insensitive milkweed cardenolides via genetic modifications of Na+/K+-ATPase. There is concern for insecticide exposures near agriculture, with little information on caterpillar toxicology. It unclear how cardenolide insensitivity may affect the sensitivity caterpillars pyrethroid insecticides. Additionally, potassium fertilizers physiology and sequestration. Here, we investigated growth, survival, development exposed ouabain,...

Cover crops provide a habitat for pests and beneficial arthropods. Unexpected pest pressure in cover-crop-to-corn system can occur result increased use of insecticides. Eight site-years on-farm field studies were conducted 2019, 2020, 2021. The objective the study was to evaluate impact insecticide timing relative cover-crop termination on arthropod activity system. treatments consisted (i) glyphosate terminate cover crop, (ii) pyrethroid tank mix (iii) crop application 25 days after...

Abstract Integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance (IRM) in a cropping system demands comprehensive understanding of behavior, including larval movement. We evaluated the movement velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), non- Bt soybean cultivar. Third to fifth instars were infested different combinations vegetative reproductive stages, on-plant was characterized across select time points. The dispersion among plants positions orientations assessed by releasing...

How do statistical regression results compare to intuitive, visually fitted results? Fitting lines by eye through a set of points has been explored since the 20th century. Common methods fitting trends involve maneuvering string, black thread, or ruler until fit is suitable, then drawing line points. In 2015, New York Times introduced an interactive feature, called "You Draw It," where readers were asked input their own assumptions about various metrics and how these relate reality. this...