In this study we define a comprehensive method for analyzing electrochemical impedance spectra of lithium batteries using equivalent circuit models, and information extraction on state-of-charge state-of-health from data by means machine learning methods. Estimation parameters typically implies non-linear optimization problem. A detailed estimating initial values the algorithm is described, emphasizing short computation times efficient convergence to global minimum. Parameters...

This paper provides an introductory survey on the various systems that exploit magnetic fields for positioning. Such find applications in those scenarios, both indoors and outdoors, where global navigation satellite are not available or fail to provide information with needed accuracy. While main idea of using electromagnetic position dates back past century, new application-led research this topic has emerged recent years. Results have expanded application range positioning technologies...

This paper describes the design and realization of a magnetic indoor positioning system. The system is entirely realized using off-the-shelf components based on inductive coupling between resonating coils. Both system-level architecture details are described along with experimental results. exhibits maximum error <;10 cm in an environment over 3 × m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area. Extensive experiments larger areas,...

In this paper, an ultrasonic positioning system is presented and characterized, based on the usage of a portable grid beacons few fixed anchors. Since beacon can be moved to guarantee line-of-sight transmissions, proposed strategy potentially suitable for accurate mobile object in environment with complex geometry. The was tested experimentally, exhibiting subcentimeter accuracy range up 4 m.

In this paper, a technique for modeling propagation of ultrawideband (UWB) signals in indoor or outdoor environments is proposed, supporting the design positioning systems based on round-trip-time (RTT) measurements and particle filter. By assuming that nonlinear pulses are transmitted an additive white Gaussian noise channel detected using threshold-based receiver, it shown RTT may be affected by non-Gaussian noise. properties analyzed, effects performance RTT-based system investigated. To...

This article presents a compact measurement system for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on lithium-ion battery (LIB). The is composed of vector analyzer (VIA) and state parameter estimation. VIA architecture based delta-sigma digital-to-analog analog-to-digital conversions to achieve the compactness, low-power consumption, high resolution required be potentially integrated within cell. estimation parameters equivalent circuit models solution nonlinear optimization problems....

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is of fundamental importance for characterization and monitoring rechargeable batteries in automotive, energy storage, electronics sectors. In this article, a low-complexity practical system EIS presented, the uncertainty associated with its measurement results analyzed. The based on voltage-controlled current generator acquisition voltage signals from battery under test. Arbitrary waveforms can be generated, thus flexible reconfigurable....

This paper describes the design and realization of a 5.6-GHz ultrawide-bandwidth-based position measurement system. The system was entirely made using off-the-shelf components achieves centimeter-level accuracy in an indoor environment. It is based on asynchronous modulated pulse round-trip time measurements. Both level details are described along with experimental results including estimates uncertainties.

This paper describes the design and realization of a low-frequency ac magnetic-field-based indoor positioning system (PS). The operation is based on principle inductive coupling between wire loop antennas. Specifically, due to characteristics artificially generated magnetic fields, relation induced voltage distance modeled with linear behavior in bilogarithmic scale when configuration coplanar, thus equally oriented, antennas used. In this case, transmitting antenna receiving one estimated...

This paper proposes an analysis of the quasistationary magnetic field generated by coils and its applicability to 3-D short-range positioning scenarios. Starting from a theoretical background, approximation induced voltage in sensor coil is developed analyzed. Then, design performance field-based system described. The realized using three-axis generating coil. It uses resonance properties decrease current power consumption requirements. targeted for simple low-cost applications, requiring...

This paper presents a distance-measuring system based on the accurate round-trip time-of-flight measurement of single ultrawideband pulses propagating between two transceiver devices. The architectures realized devices, which are referred to as master and slave, described. device implements time-interval measuring function by means time-to-digital converter (TDC) integrated circuit, whereas slave acts pulse repeater. Both devices designed for low-cost realization low-power operations....

Different aspects have to be considered when dealing with voltage dips in electric power systems. As a consequence, according different needs arising from specific applications, approaches been proposed the literature for detection and classification of these events. This paper focuses on issues that are critical development real-time compensation systems, namely, capability detecting correctly rapidly event while avoiding false alarms, algorithm complexity. To this purpose, based root mean...

This paper investigates the applicability of a developed Magnetic Positioning System (MPS) as support for dead-reckoning inertial navigation system (DR-INS) pedestrian applications. The integrated combines complementary properties separate systems, operating over long periods time and in cluttered indoor areas with partial nonline-of-sight conditions. obtained results show that proposed approach can effectively improve coverage area MPS operation bounded errors DR-INS. In particular,...

In this paper, we consider magnetic positioning and tracking of objects provide a comparison the characteristics two major measurement models: dipole model mutual inductance model. The numerical results obtained by applying these models to short-range position application, with maximum operating distance approximately 50 cm, are compared. Based on comparison, prototype 9-sensor array is developed, experimental tests performed, extensive presented. Outcomes show feasibility orientation mobile...

In this paper, a ranging technique based on inductive coupling between resonating coils is presented. By exploiting resonance, both high range and signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver are achieved. The theoretical background discussed; model presented; practical implementation illustrated experimentally validated. It shown that proposed technique, implemented using off-the-shelf components, only moderately sensitive to effect of conductive objects placed close receiver, whereas it proves...

The influence of the environmental configuration on ac magnetic distance and position measurement systems, which are based inductive coupling tuned resonators, is experimentally analyzed. main aspects that affect accuracy such systems conductivity terrain presence metallic materials near resonators. It shown frequency dependent, a tradeoff to be considered between maximum operating range error. Moreover, strategy detect if results corrupted by presented. analysis then extended positioning...

A wearable system that is capable of tracking finger motion and recognizing a set hand gestures presented. Two units are worn on two fingers wirelessly powered without using cables or batteries, thus enhancing freedom movement. The comprised sections: measurement section wireless power transfer apparatus. consists measuring devices placed the thumb index fingers. Each these can acquire transmit sensor signals obtained from stretch an inertial unit. Furthermore, apparatus implemented by means...

Hand gesture recognition is a crucial task for the automated translation of sign language, which enables communication deaf. This work proposes usage magnetic positioning system recognizing static gestures associated with language alphabet. In particular, system, comprised several wearable transmitting nodes, measures 3D position and orientation fingers within an operating volume about 30 × cm, where receiving nodes are placed at known positions. Measured data then processed by machine...

The most frequently utilized techniques for precise time interval measurements are discussed. By analyzing the characteristics of both published architectures and commercial Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs), significant testing methods also considered. Related performance parameters, useful calibrating such devices compensating any deviations from expected behavior, identified. Since full standardization activities in this field have not been carried out yet, proposed results may reduce...

Wireless sensor networks are becoming widely diffused because of the flexibility and scalability they offer. However, distributed measurements significant only if readout is coupled to time information. For this reason, network-wide synchronization main concern. The objective paper exploit a very simple hardware implementation an IR-UWB radio for realizing accurate system wireless sensors. proposed solution relies on commercial-off-the-shelf discrete electronic components (rather than...

In this article, we present a hand-tracking system based on magnetic positioning. A single node is mounted each fingertip and two nodes the back side of hand. fixed array receiving coils used to detect field, from which it possible infer position orientation node. kinematic model whole hand has been developed. Starting positioning data node, can be calculate flexion angle finger joint, plus in space. Relying fields, work also non-line-of-sight conditions. The gesture reconstruction validated...