Estimating the state of charge (SOC) batteries is fundamental for proper management and safe operation numerous systems, including electric vehicles, smart energy grids, portable electronics. While there no practical method direct measurement SOC, several estimation approaches have been developed, a growing number machine-learning-based techniques. Machine learning methods are intrinsically data-driven but can also benefit from a-priori knowledge embedded in model. In this work, we first...

In this study we define a comprehensive method for analyzing electrochemical impedance spectra of lithium batteries using equivalent circuit models, and information extraction on state-of-charge state-of-health from data by means machine learning methods. Estimation parameters typically implies non-linear optimization problem. A detailed estimating initial values the algorithm is described, emphasizing short computation times efficient convergence to global minimum. Parameters...

This paper provides an introductory survey on the various systems that exploit magnetic fields for positioning. Such find applications in those scenarios, both indoors and outdoors, where global navigation satellite are not available or fail to provide information with needed accuracy. While main idea of using electromagnetic position dates back past century, new application-led research this topic has emerged recent years. Results have expanded application range positioning technologies...

This paper describes the design and realization of a magnetic indoor positioning system. The system is entirely realized using off-the-shelf components based on inductive coupling between resonating coils. Both system-level architecture details are described along with experimental results. exhibits maximum error <;10 cm in an environment over 3 × m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area. Extensive experiments larger areas,...

In this paper, an ultrasonic positioning system is presented and characterized, based on the usage of a portable grid beacons few fixed anchors. Since beacon can be moved to guarantee line-of-sight transmissions, proposed strategy potentially suitable for accurate mobile object in environment with complex geometry. The was tested experimentally, exhibiting subcentimeter accuracy range up 4 m.

In this paper, a technique for modeling propagation of ultrawideband (UWB) signals in indoor or outdoor environments is proposed, supporting the design positioning systems based on round-trip-time (RTT) measurements and particle filter. By assuming that nonlinear pulses are transmitted an additive white Gaussian noise channel detected using threshold-based receiver, it shown RTT may be affected by non-Gaussian noise. properties analyzed, effects performance RTT-based system investigated. To...

This article presents a compact measurement system for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on lithium-ion battery (LIB). The is composed of vector analyzer (VIA) and state parameter estimation. VIA architecture based delta-sigma digital-to-analog analog-to-digital conversions to achieve the compactness, low-power consumption, high resolution required be potentially integrated within cell. estimation parameters equivalent circuit models solution nonlinear optimization problems....

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is of fundamental importance for characterization and monitoring rechargeable batteries in automotive, energy storage, electronics sectors. In this article, a low-complexity practical system EIS presented, the uncertainty associated with its measurement results analyzed. The based on voltage-controlled current generator acquisition voltage signals from battery under test. Arbitrary waveforms can be generated, thus flexible reconfigurable....

This paper describes the design and realization of a 5.6-GHz ultrawide-bandwidth-based position measurement system. The system was entirely made using off-the-shelf components achieves centimeter-level accuracy in an indoor environment. It is based on asynchronous modulated pulse round-trip time measurements. Both level details are described along with experimental results including estimates uncertainties.

This paper describes the design and realization of a low-frequency ac magnetic-field-based indoor positioning system (PS). The operation is based on principle inductive coupling between wire loop antennas. Specifically, due to characteristics artificially generated magnetic fields, relation induced voltage distance modeled with linear behavior in bilogarithmic scale when configuration coplanar, thus equally oriented, antennas used. In this case, transmitting antenna receiving one estimated...

Estimating the state of charge batteries is a critical task for every battery-powered device. In this work, we propose machine learning approach based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and 2D convolutional neural networks. A case study Samsung ICR18650-26J lithium ion also presented discussed in detail. An application-specific data augmentation technique developed applied. The proposed system achieves classification accuracy 93% test dataset new measurements from same battery 88%...

The effect of adding dither to a given signal before its quantization is investigated. To this aim the relationship between statistical description and mean value error quantizer output derived. presented results allow determination resolution limits that can be achieved by low-pass filtering set quantized samples slowly varying dithered signal. Discrete, uniform, sinusoidal, Gaussian dithering are analyzed, thus providing quantitative basis for choosing most appropriate application.< <ETX...

A research study aimed at developing a novel indoor positioning system is presented. The realized prototype uses sensor fusion techniques to combine information from two sources: an in-house ...

Measurements are more and required in an increasing variety of human activities to acquire reliable information useful for effectively supporting decision-making processes. Furthermore, the entities whose properties be measured measuring systems becoming increasingly complex, hardly modeled managed. In this rapidly evolving scenario, several issues concerning fundamentals measurement science technology arise. The purpose paper is discuss some aspects crucial question about which evaluation...

This paper proposes an analysis of the quasistationary magnetic field generated by coils and its applicability to 3-D short-range positioning scenarios. Starting from a theoretical background, approximation induced voltage in sensor coil is developed analyzed. Then, design performance field-based system described. The realized using three-axis generating coil. It uses resonance properties decrease current power consumption requirements. targeted for simple low-cost applications, requiring...

This paper presents the development and characterization of a system able to estimate 2D relative position nodes in wireless network, based on measurement distances between nodes. To this end, approaches problem from two perspectives: implementation theory. Combining classical non-linear least square approach new convention arrangement nodes, positioning was developed. Moreover, numerical theoretical study proposed using Cramér Rao Lower Bound (CRLB), proves that estimator is efficient. The...

In this paper, the problem of identifying variations in nature atomic clock noise is addressed. Two methods are proposed. One method based on a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), and other dynamic Allan variance (DAVAR), which representation instantaneous stability that able to point out possible nonstationary behaviors. Both efficiently track experimental data and, thus, appear as suitable tools for detection anomalies

This paper presents a distance-measuring system based on the accurate round-trip time-of-flight measurement of single ultrawideband pulses propagating between two transceiver devices. The architectures realized devices, which are referred to as master and slave, described. device implements time-interval measuring function by means time-to-digital converter (TDC) integrated circuit, whereas slave acts pulse repeater. Both devices designed for low-cost realization low-power operations....

Different aspects have to be considered when dealing with voltage dips in electric power systems. As a consequence, according different needs arising from specific applications, approaches been proposed the literature for detection and classification of these events. This paper focuses on issues that are critical development real-time compensation systems, namely, capability detecting correctly rapidly event while avoiding false alarms, algorithm complexity. To this purpose, based root mean...

This paper investigates the applicability of a developed Magnetic Positioning System (MPS) as support for dead-reckoning inertial navigation system (DR-INS) pedestrian applications. The integrated combines complementary properties separate systems, operating over long periods time and in cluttered indoor areas with partial nonline-of-sight conditions. obtained results show that proposed approach can effectively improve coverage area MPS operation bounded errors DR-INS. In particular,...

In this paper, we consider magnetic positioning and tracking of objects provide a comparison the characteristics two major measurement models: dipole model mutual inductance model. The numerical results obtained by applying these models to short-range position application, with maximum operating distance approximately 50 cm, are compared. Based on comparison, prototype 9-sensor array is developed, experimental tests performed, extensive presented. Outcomes show feasibility orientation mobile...