This paper provides an introductory survey on the various systems that exploit magnetic fields for positioning. Such find applications in those scenarios, both indoors and outdoors, where global navigation satellite are not available or fail to provide information with needed accuracy. While main idea of using electromagnetic position dates back past century, new application-led research this topic has emerged recent years. Results have expanded application range positioning technologies...

In this work, we show experimentally that wireless power transfer (WPT) using strongly coupled magnetic resonance (SCMR) and traditional induction are equivalent. We demonstrate for a given coil separation, to within 4%, produce the same theoretical efficiency of versus distance. Moreover, difference between is in implementation impedance matching network where uses mini-loop match. The mach provides low-loss, high-ratio transformation makes it desirable longer distance transfer, large...

This paper introduces a brushless drive system with an adaptive fuzzy-neural-network controller. First, neural network-based architecture is described for fuzzy logic control. The characteristic rules and their membership functions of systems are represented as the processing nodes in network structure. Then, input-output tuned by supervised gradient decent learning algorithm. Using experimental setup, performance proposed controller evaluated under various operating conditions. Test results...

We present a transmission line based impedance compression network (ICN) for application in RF-to-dc conversion. show that the ICN is able to significantly compress undesired input variation occurs when there large of power. designed and measured an 4 W, 4.6 GHz rectifier compressed with ICN. then demonstrate outphasing system where we achieve up 37% improvement efficiency at back-off power overall more efficient design over variation.

Additive manufacturing technology has enabled the of complex structures, especially those with intricate internal features. This paper proposes a method for building complex-structured millimeter-wave waveguides using strategy that combines digital light processing 3-D printing technology, curved corner design, an off-axis print angle 45°, and robust postmetallization process. To demonstrate capability this combined-strategy method, traditional magic tee prototype adapted inherently matched...

This paper introduces the first robust self-sustained electrical soliton oscillator. It self-starts by amplifying background noise to produce a stable train of periodic pulses. The oscillator is made possible coupling nonlinear transmission line with unique amplifier that tames instability-prone dynamics. Two experimental prototypes, built at discrete level, fully demonstrate detailed operation circuit. an analog optical mode-locked systems

Wireless power transfer and other near-field applications can generate large magnetoquasistatic fields that potentially be harmful to humans or interact negatively with the environment. Several shields have been proposed for magnetic near field, such as ferrite sheets metallic shields. While each effective, there are tradeoffs each, namely loss, weight, cost. In addition, broadband block portions of electromagnetic spectrum. this letter, we introduce a new type shield, zero-permeability...

We report on the magnetic field and coupling enhancement for increased wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency using intermediate materials. examine physical mechanisms a metamaterial (MM) resonant (MR-FE) present an analytical simulation analysis as well experimental study of these mechanisms. While both increase mutual coupling, loss contrasting significantly impacts WPT enhancement. Our shows that MR-FE approach can have up to 4-times-higher over MM due lower its mechanism.

We present the theory of high-order modulation for near-field RF identification (RFID) and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. show that while related, design RFID WPT systems differ. The calculation load modulated quadrature amplitude (QAM) phase shift keying (PSK) is presented. then two experimental prototypes. first demonstrates a 16-QAM link achieving 480 kb/s at 2.38-MHz carrier (>19.8 fractional bandwidth), significantly higher than 1% bandwidth traditional second prototype 4-PSK...

Using a modified version of the Tollens' Test, acrylate-based polymer prints made using consumer-grade Digital Light Projection Stereolithographic (DLP-SLA) 3D printer are successfully silver plated, without need for complex surface preparation techniques. A single-piece prototype waveguide design is used testing plating process, and discussion provided on minimizing printing process variables such as polymerization shrinkage undesirable geometric tolerance variance. Measurement results...

The nonlinear transmission line is a structure where short-duration pulses called electrical solitons can be created and propagated. By combining, in closed-loop topology, the special amplifier that provides not only gain but also mechanisms to tame inherently unruly soliton dynamics, we recently constructed first oscillator self-generates stable, periodic train of (Ricketts , IEEE Trans. MTT, 2006). This paper starts with review this introduced circuit concept, then reports on new...

Traditional wireless position-location systems, operating using propagating waves, suffer reduced performance in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) applications. systems that use quasistatic fields have instead been limited to short ranges, progressive direction-finding applications, require RF fingerprinting, or do not provide complete immunity dielectric obstacles (use of electric fields). These limitations impose severe restrictions applications such as tracking an American football during game...

We report on an electrical oscillator that self-generates a periodic train of short-duration pulses. The consists nonlinear transmission line (NLTL), one end which is connected to one-port amplifier and the other open. In steady state, self-generated pulse travels back forth NLTL, reflected at both ends NLTL due impedance mismatches. produces negative output resistance for voltage beyond particular threshold positive below threshold, thus, reflection from provides gain main upper portion...

In this paper, we report a fully integrated power amplifier (PA) architecture that combines the of 16 on-chip PAs using 16-way zero-degree combiner to achieve an output 0.7W with power-added efficiency (PAE) 10% at 42GHz and -3dB bandwidth 9GHz. This is 2.6 times more than recently reported millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) silicon-based PA [1]. The circuit mm-Wave achieving leading approaching 1 Watt in silicon process.

A turnstile junction orthomode transducer (OMT) provides polarization separation/combining on a full waveguide bandwidth; however, it bears complex connecting structure, which accordingly leads to bulky volume. We present compact W-band (75-110 GHz) OMT using "swan neck" twist for the connection between and an E-plane Y-junction, minimizing overall structure. The core volume proposed is 9× less than previously reported stacked-layer OMT. was built by digital light processing (DLP) 3-D...

In this paper we present an energy efficient control and power conversion circuit in a 1 μm HV SOI CMOS for sub-millimeter robot known as catom. The provides delivery through capacitive coupling generates internal high voltage that is then used to charge electrostatic actuation electrodes move the robot. architecture implemented low digital design novel driver minimizes static consumption charging electrodes. High operation extended by removing inherent parasitic FET gates post-processing...

Resonantly coupled wireless power transfer (RWPT) has become a popular means to deliver energy without direct contact between the source and load. One challenging application is nonstationary loads; those that move spatially in time. Such loads change coupling load with it efficiency maximum possible. emerging automotive environment, where such as powered seats doors exist. Moreover, environment particularly due presence of metallic objects safety requirements passengers. In this work, we...

Traditional hollow metallic waveguide manufacturing techniques are readily capable of producing components with high-precision geometric tolerances, yet generally lack the ability to customize individual parts on demand or deliver finished low lead times. This paper proposes a Rapid-Prototyping (RP) method for relatively low-loss millimeter-wave waveguides produced using consumer-grade stere-olithographic (SLA) Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, in conjunction an electroless...

Impedance matching to loads that vary with system operating point presents a significant challenge for efficient power transfer. One such load is the RF-to-dc rectifier, whose input resistance varies rectified power. A compression network (RCN) based on lumped elements was proposed solve this problem and has demonstrated compressed impedance variation at 48 MHz [3]. At microwave frequencies, however, become less viable RCN in [3] does not scale well. In work we present transmission line...

This paper presents a W-band power amplifier (PA) in 45 nm SOI CMOS. The PA incorporates an 8-way zero-degree combiner to efficiently combine 8 parallel units, each of which is 2-stage cascode PA. At 80 GHz, the achieves saturated output (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ) 21.1 dBm, 10.1 dB peak gain, 5.2% PAE, and 12 GHz 3-dB bandwidth, it consumes 1 mm <sup xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area....

This paper introduces an innovative method to fabricate a coaxial transmission line using low-loss 3D printed dielectric and liquid metal conductor. The part is from low loss factor resin, cyanate ester (tanδ = 0.0046). inner conductor formed by pumping eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) through the empty channel of part, outer electrolessly plated with silver then coated EGaIn. An implemented 2-inch straight shows measured insertion 0.26 dB/cm at 10 GHz, which 1/3 that common printing...

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has gained renewed interest due to emerging low-power applications and high efficiency. Coupled with in many is the need for communication, whether regulation of or information between source load. Several communication methods have been proposed use WPT, including adjacent channel (non-WPT), as well WPT-based methods, such load modulation passive backscattering. However, approaches using WPT link historically low-speed (<;400 kb/s). In this letter, we report on...

Measurements of the reflected magnetoquasistatic fields at terminals a fixed generating resonant magnetic dipole (an electrically small resonating current loop) due to mobile coupled is presented. Using copolarized transmit-receive and loop, with co-aligned loop surface normals, coupling was measured for distances up 2.19 m along direction normals include strongly resonance region. Inverting theoretical expressions estimate distance from field values resulted in an average rms error 0.61...