The accumulation of microplastics in agricultural soil brings unexpected adverse effects on crop growth and quality, which is threatening the sustainability agriculture. Biochar an emerging amendment material interest as it can remediate pollutants. However, mechanisms underlying biochar alleviated toxic crops were largely unknown. Using a common economic crop, peanut targeted species, present study evaluated plant physiologica molecular response rhizosphere microbiome when facing...

The connotation, design optimization and implementation of the Volume Fracturing technique are discussed. connotation includes five aspects as follows: (1) break up reservoirs to form complex fracture network, "artificial" permeability; (2) initiation involving not only single open-fracture but shear failure slip; (3) "breakthrough" traditional fracturing seepage theory model, greatly shorten effective fluid distance; (4) more suitable for highly brittle formations; (5) multi-stage...

Sand production is the process in which formation sand and gravel would migrate into wellbore by flow of reservoir fluids. This a significant problem that endangers safety hydrate exploitation. The aim this study to understand during A novel experimental apparatus was constructed examine layer using depressurization method. Hydrate divided three periods: water, gas with water drops, gas. We detected first two fine period grains second. temperature related characteristics layers rates...

Based on the theoretical study and field application of volume stimulation in horizontal wells over past 10 years, core connotation was further interpreted. The implementation methods, design models key issues were analyzed, future development direction put forward. research shows that multi-cluster limited entry technique can achieve homogenous growth multiple fractures. hybrid "breaking by rock gel + carrying proppant slick water" plus small-particle reduce fracture complexity near well...

The threshold pressure is critical to characterizing multi-phase nonlinear flow through tight porous media under effective stress. Due the complex and heterogeneous pore structures, essential controls on of are not determined. In this study, based fractal theory, a theoretical model for gas–water two-phase proposed. derived considers stress, capillary pressure, boundary layer. predicted from developed in good agreement with available experimental results, which validates model. Moreover,...

A series of tri-axial shear tests were carried out to determine the stress and strain characteristics, as well volume deformation methane hydrate-bearing sediments during gas hydrate dissociation. An innovative type depressurization was adopted with a high-pressure low-temperature apparatus. Results show that: (1) decrease in pore pressure process may result failure sediments, but they did not collapse completely due high effective confining pressure; (2) leads contraction volumetric...

A new model for calculating stress fields of fractured media was established by incorporating correction factor based on displacement discontinuity boundary element method. The accuracy the is close to 3D model, and its calculation significantly simplified. An algorithm multi-fracture propagation geometry proposed fracture criterion growth rate law, which used investigate interference geometry. results show that size determined shortest dimension face, 1.2−1.5 times height when length longer...

Accurate characterization of the threshold pressure gradient (TPG) in shale oil reservoirs is essential for production. However, oil–water two-phase flow through with narrow pores involves thermal–hydrological–mechanical coupling, and relationship between TPG pore structures under multiple mechanisms has not been adequately modeled mathematically. In this paper, an analytical model derived first by considering combined effects effective stress, temperature, capillary pressure, structures,...

In the long-term exploitation of natural gas hydrate, stress change intensifies creep effect and leads to destruction pore structures, which makes it difficult predict permeability hydrate reservoir. Although is crucial optimize recovery for reservoirs, until now, accurately modeling hydrate-bearing clayey-silty sediments during process remains a significant challenge. this study, by combining nonlinear fractional-order constitutive model Kozeny-Carman (KC) equation, novel predicting has...

Reservoir subsidence induced by natural gas hydrate (NGH) dissociation is a critical safety issue during production from NGH reservoirs. Concerning the limited field monitoring of reservoir subsidence, this study employs customized apparatus to investigate behaviors methane-hydrate-bearing sediments, considering effects three factors, including saturation, skeleton type, and effective overburden stress. The experimental results show that process depressurization controlled pore pressure...

The aim of the present study was to assess activation nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) in infrapatellar fat pads (IPFPs) obese patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). For this purpose, 32 (22 KOA and 10 a healthy weight) treated total arthroplasty (TKA) were selected. expression levels pro‑inflammatory cytokines adipocytokines, NF‑κB detected both cases controls by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analysis immunohistochemistry where appropriate. SPSS 18.0 software used for...

AbstractThe functional relationship between GABA A and B receptors in regulating acrosome reaction (AR) of rat spermatozoa was demonstrated by studying the differential effects a agonist an antagonist on process. AR rates were determined using chlortetracycline staining assay. The induction sperm found to be biphasic phenomenon; i.e., increased with increasing concentrations up <5 µM at higher neurotransmitter (>5 µM), there reductionin rates. This phenomenon is apparently due interaction...