Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen (HER) toward overall water splitting with high efficiency robust durability is highly desirable but very challenging. Herein, we report a efficient electrocatalyst based on Co@Ir core–shell nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks. The series of Co@Ir/NC-x samples were prepared through galvanic replacement IrCl3 Co/NC, which was obtained by...

Sand production is the process in which formation sand and gravel would migrate into wellbore by flow of reservoir fluids. This a significant problem that endangers safety hydrate exploitation. The aim this study to understand during A novel experimental apparatus was constructed examine layer using depressurization method. Hydrate divided three periods: water, gas with water drops, gas. We detected first two fine period grains second. temperature related characteristics layers rates...

Hydraulic fracturing is an important reservoir reconstruction method that may potentially help achieve effective stimulation of natural gas hydrate deposits. To verify some theoretical laws are difficult to confirm experimentally, a discrete element model methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBSs) was established in this study using the two-dimensional particle flow code software PFC2D, and hydraulic MHBS samples under different conditions numerically simulated fluid–mechanical coupling. The...

Accumulating epidemiological evidence supports that chronic exposure to ambient fine particular matters of <2.5 m (PM2.5) predisposes both children and adults Alzheimer's disease (AD) age-related brain damage leading dementia. There is also experimental show PM2.5 results in early onset AD-related pathologies transgenic AD mice development healthy rodents. Studies have documented causes AD-linked molecular cellular alterations, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic deficits, impaired...

The energy crisis has intensified in recent years. current global economic environment and increasing cost of mining necessitate additional access channels. Previous studies have shown that natural gas hydrate reservoirs (NGHRs) contain a large number resources. However, several problems are associated with the safe efficient exploitation NGHRs. Reservoir stimulation technology is expected to address these issues. This study introduces properties difficulties NGHRs reviews their scheme...

Hydrate equilibrium data of the CH4 + tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) water have been measured by using isothermal pressure search method for four components TBAB aqueous solutions. The three-phase lines obtained in present study are shifted to low-temperature or high-pressure side from that stoichiometric solution. Moreover, methane uptake into semi-clathrates is confirmed a shift clathrate regions when present. experiments carried out range (0.5 to11) MPa and temperature (281.15 295.15) K.

In this paper, phase equilibrium data of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (TBPB) + CO2, N2 semiclathrate hydrates were measured by employing an isochoric pressure-search method. The experimental temperature, pressure, and mass fraction TBPB ranged from (282.2 to 292.0) K, (1.32 16.86) MPa, (0.050 0.600), respectively. results demonstrated that at a given the temperature required form mixed was significantly higher than for forming pure CO2 or hydrates. addition, application 0.371 fraction,...

This paper reports the thermodynamic inhibition effect of seven ionic liquids (ILs) on methane hydrate formation. The isochoric multistep heating dissociation pressure search method is applied for experimentally determining phase boundary between hydrate–liquid–vapor (H–L–V) phases and liquid–vapor (L–V) in temperature ranges 3.45–13.28 MPa 274.3–287.6 K, respectively. All studied IL aqueous solutions are used at a mass fraction 0.1. A comparison inhibitory performance various ILs carried...

Silty-clay reservoirs are a weak point in sand production and control studies due to their low economy. However, China’s marine natural gas hydrates (NGH) mostly exist silty-clay sediments, which restrict the sustainable efficient development of NGH. In order study hydrate experiments vertical wells horizontal were carried out using self-developed simulation device. The results showed great difference between sediments sediments. significant differences pressure temperature different layers...

Tea, a predominant economic crop in China, often thrives on terraced fields, but the long-term monoculture practiced these tea gardens has led to soil degradation, adversely affecting tree growth. Intercropping offers sustainable solution, its specific effects and trees remain unclear. This study investigated complex interactions between microorganisms, soil, two intercropping systems: tea/ Pueraria montana var. culaishanensis (HWT) Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (YP). The results showed that...

The natural rooting rate and speed of cuttings Camellia sinensis var. Assamica cv. Hainan-dayezhong (HD) are relatively low. To investigate the mechanisms by which growth regulators promote adventitious root (AR) formation in this tea variety, study examined effects exogenous indene-naphthaleneacetic acid (ABT-1) indole-3-butyric (IBA) treatments on AR cuttings, using water as a control. Systematic measurements comparisons were carried out changes differences nutrient content, oxidase...

The rapid development of the natural gas hydrate industry has put forward higher requirements for promotion technology. exploration methods that can simultaneously enhance both formation rate and final water conversion efficiency become a critical research focus. This study systematically investigated synergistic effects electric field (EF) signals, including three distinct waveforms (square, sine, ramp wave) at six different voltage levels, combined with four concentration gradients...

In the current article, natural gas hydrate dissociation experiments have been conducted on a self-designed apparatus, which consists of high-pressure reaction vessel, visualization system, chiller with circulation supplier, and data acquisition system. Gas was synthesized in then experiment performed by addition ethylene glycol (EG) as an inhibitor. The results show that rate depends concentration flow EG because it reduced heat, less energy is required for at higher concentration. Thus,...

The dissociation behaviors of propane hydrate by high concentration alcohols inhibitors injection were investigated. Methanol (30.0, 60.1, 80.2, and 99.5 wt %) ethylene glycol 69.8, solution injected, respectively, as in 3.5 L transparent reactor. It is shown that the average rates injecting methanol are 0.02059−0.04535 0.0302−0.0606 mol·min−1·L−1, respectively. increase with mass solution, it biggest when % was injected. presence accelerates gas reduces total need external energy to...

This paper reports the experimentally determined thermodynamic stability conditions for hydrogen semiclathrate hydrate generated from tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate (TBANO3) aqueous solutions at two mole fractions, 0.037 and 0.030, corresponding to stoichiometric composition TBANO3·26H2O TBANO3·32H2O, respectively. The experiments this three-component TBANO3 + water system were performed in temperature range of (281.9 284.9) K pressure (9.09 31.98) MPa with using a "full view" sapphire cell. An...