The term "food first" has been widely accepted as the preferred strategy within sport nutrition, although there is no agreed definition of this and often limited consideration implications. We propose that food first should mean "where practically possible, nutrient provision come from whole foods drinks rather than isolated components or dietary supplements." There are many reasons to commend a strategy, including risk supplement contamination resulting in anti-doping violations. However,...

The aim of the present case study was to quantify physiological and metabolic impact extreme weight cutting by an elite male mixed martial arts athlete. Throughout 8-week period, we obtained regular assessments body composition, resting rate, peak oxygen uptake, blood clinical chemistry assess endocrine status, lipid profiles, hydration, kidney function. athlete adhered a "phased" loss plan consisting 7 weeks reduced energy (ranging from 1,300 1,900 kcal/day) intake (Phase 1), 5 days water...

Mapping and monitoring of habitats are requirements for protecting biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the benefit combining airborne (laser scanning, image-based point clouds) satellite-based (Sentinel 1 2) data habitat classification. We used a two level random forest 10-fold leave-location-out cross-validation workflow to model Natura 2000 grassland types on 10 m pixel scale at study sites in Vienna, Austria. showed that models using combined remote sensing perform significantly...

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that carbohydrate mouth rinsing, alone or in combination with caffeine, augments high‐intensity interval (HIT) running capacity undertaken a carbohydrate‐restricted state. Carbohydrate restriction was achieved by performing to volitional exhaustion evening prior main experimental trials and further refraining from intake post‐exercise overnight period. On subsequent morning, eight males performed 45‐min steady‐state (SS) exercise (65% ) followed HIT (1‐min...

Optical video microscopy and digital image processing have been used to study the self-diffusion of colloidal particles with a hard-sphere potential. The colloid consist cross-linked polymers are dispersed in good solvent avoid aggregation. To investigate single particle motion highly concentrated dispersions, host−tracer system, consisting two different kinds polymer particles, has designed: host made poly-t-butylacrylate (with ethanedioldiacrylate as cross-linker) same refractive index...

Rugby is characterized by frequent high-intensity collisions, resulting in muscle soreness. Players consequently seek strategies to reduce soreness and accelerate recovery, with an emerging method being cannabidiol (CBD), despite anti-doping risks. The prevalence rationale for CBD use rugby has not been explored; therefore, we recruited professional male players complete a survey on CBD. Goodness of fit chi-square (χ2) was used assess between codes player position. Effects age were...

Spontaneous breakage of glass in facades is under control today, due to application a very effective prevention method, namely the Heat Soak Test (HST) following EN 14179-1 (2006/2016). Nevertheless, details latter are still subject discussion, mainly fact that some years ago, it was discovered an R&D project it's holding temperature too high, and reduced $$260 \pm 10\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$ at recent review. In present paper we investigate properties nickel sulphide inclusions order show...

The remote food photography method, often referred to as "Snap-N-Send" by sport nutritionists, has been reported a valid method assess energy intake in athletic populations. However, preliminary studies were not conducted true free-living conditions, and dietary assessment was performed one researcher only. authors, therefore, assessed the validity of Snap-N-Send macronutrient composition experienced (EXP, n = 23) inexperienced (INEXP, 25) nutritionists. participants analyzed 2 days...

Golf is a sport played around the globe, with an estimated 42.6 million people playing within United Kingdom and States of America alone. To date, there limited data on energy expenditure golf. The present study assessed activity (AEE) 16 high-standard (handicap under 5) golfers who completed three rounds competitive golf either carrying bag (BC), using manual push trolley (MT) or electric (ET) (Stewart Golf, Gloucester, UK). Prior to each round, participants were fitted Actiheart®...

The present paper is part two of a small series three publications on spontaneous breakages toughened glass. In one, we deal with the detailed effects crystallographic and physical properties nickel sulphide species contained in those inclusions; find that solely under this aspect, only c. 40% Heat Soak Test (HST) according to, e.g., EN 14179-1:2006, would be physically able to cause breakage façade. partly builds up these findings. paper, prove experimentally inclusions are found everywhere...

The present paper is the third part of a small series publications dealing with problem spontaneous breakage thermally toughened glass. HST standard EN 14179-1:2005 (revised 2017) made this glass significantly safer; aims primarily to bring new arguments into discussion on its real safety. Another aim rectify obsolete (pseudo-)facts repeated again and in respective although they are disproven since long time. deals statistic evaluation datasets from field breakages. In these, every inclusion...

Jockeys are unique given that they make weight daily and, therefore, often resort to fasting and dehydration. Through increasing food frequency (during energy deficit), we have reported short-term improvements in jockey's body composition. While these changes were observed over 6-12 weeks with provided, it is unclear whether such can be maintained an extended period during free-living conditions. We, assessed jockeys 5 years using dual X-ray absorptiometry, resting metabolic rate, hydration...

Abstract Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von heißgelagertem ESG durch Nickelsulfid‐Einschlüsse. Durch Heißlagerung, entsprechend der Regelungen nach DIN EN 14179 oder Bauregelliste, sollen Glasscheiben, Einschlüsse enthalten, vorzeitig zu Bruch gebracht werden. Für Bestimmung werden Spontanbrüche aus Schadensfällen und Heißlagerungstests statistisch ausgewertet grundlegenden Einflussgrößen auf anhand eines Modells quantifiziert. Es wird gezeigt, dass Regeln...

The elite sport environment is one where athletes strive to find a competitive edge, through improved recovery modalities, cognitive performance or physical capacity. Due this, non-scientifically evidenced and/or pseudo-scientific alternative remedies are ever popular. Snus (an oral tobacco based product containing the highly addictive compound nicotine) 'physical and psychological enhancer', purported act as 'mental booster', 'relaxative' even an 'appetite suppressor'. Despite snus having...