A5012201975- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Sports Performance and Training
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Sports injuries and prevention
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Physical Activity and Health
- Sport Psychology and Performance
- Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Biochemical effects in animals
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Heat shock proteins research
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Liverpool John Moores University
2016-2025
University of St Andrews
2024
Nottingham Trent University
2019-2022
Manchester City Football Club
2020-2021
University of Bologna
2020
Irish Rugby Football Union
2020
Edge Hill University
2016-2020
Australian Football League
2020
University of California System
2019
University of California, Davis
2019
The aim of this study was to objectively quantify ratings perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following high-intensity interval running versus moderate-intensity continuous running. Eight recreationally active men performed two protocols consisting (6 × 3 min at 90% VO(2max) interspersed with 6 recovery 50% a 7-min warm-up and cool down 70% VO(2max)) or 50 VO(2max). Ratings after exercise were higher (P < 0.05) compared (88 ± vs. 61 12) despite exertion (14 1 13...
Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects needs and is a critical variable in human health physiology, but its trajectory over the life course poorly studied. We analyzed large, diverse database of total measured by doubly labeled water method for males females aged 8 days to 95 years. increased with fat-free mass power-law manner, four distinct stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted accelerates rapidly neonates ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly levels ~20...
Abstract The current study implemented a two-part design to (1) assess the vitamin D concentration of large cohort non-vitamin supplemented UK-based athletes and 30 age-matched healthy non-athletes (2) examine effects 5000 IU · day−1 D3 supplementation for 8-weeks on musculoskeletal performance in placebo controlled trial. Vitamin was determined as severely deficient if serum 25(OH)D < 12.5 nmol l−1, 12.5–30 l−1 inadequate 30–50 l−1. We demonstrate that 62% (38/61) 73% controls (22/30)...
Football is a global game which constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays valuable integrated role optimising performance of elite players during training match-play, maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, 'food first' philosophy (ie, food over supplements), fundamental ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence be applied...
Muscle glycogen is the predominant energy source for soccer match play, though its importance training (where lower loads are observed) not well known. In an attempt to better inform carbohydrate (CHO) guidelines, we quantified load in English Premier League players (n = 12) during a one-, two- and three-game week schedule (weekly frequency was four, four two, respectively). one-game week, progressively reduced (P < 0.05) 3 days prior day (total distance 5223 ± 406, 3097 149 2912 192 m 1, 2...
Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability to enhance endurance-training-induced metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle (i.e. the 'train low, compete high' paradigm) is a hot topic within sport nutrition. Train-low studies involve periodically (e.g., 30-50% sessions) CHO availability, where train-low models include twice per day training, fasted post-exercise restriction and 'sleep train low'. When compared high data suggest that augmented cell signalling (73% 11...
The International Association of Athletics Federations recognizes the importance nutritional practices in optimizing an Athlete's well-being and performance. Although encompasses a diverse range track-and-field events with different performance determinants, there are common goals around support for adaptation to training, optimal key events, reducing risk injury illness. Periodized guidelines can be provided appropriate type, amount, timing intake food fluids promote health across scenarios...
The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in general interest and research into vitamin D, with many athletes now taking D supplements as part of their everyday dietary regimen. most recognized role is its regulation calcium homeostasis; there strong relationship between bone health non-athletic individuals. In contrast, data have consistently failed to demonstrate any serum 25[OH]D health, which may be due the osteogenic stimulus exercise. Vitamin interact extra-skeletal tissues such...
The aim of the present study was to test hypothesis that acute high-intensity interval (HIT) running induces greater activation signaling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis compared moderate-intensity continuous (CONT) matched for work done. In a repeated-measures design, 10 active men performed two protocols consisting HIT [6 × 3-min at 90% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o 2max ) interspersed recovery periods 50% V̇o 7-min warm-up and cool-down period 70% ] or CONT (50-min )....
Vitamin D deficiency is common in the general public and athletic populations may impair skeletal muscle function. We therefore assessed effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25[OH]D concentrations physical performance.30 club-level athletes were block randomised (using baseline concentrations) into one three groups receiving either a placebo (PLB), 20 000 or 40 IU/week oral for 12 weeks. Serum function (1-RM bench press leg vertical jump height) measured presupplementation, 6 weeks...
To quantify the accumulative training and match load during an annual season in English Premier League soccer players classified as starters (n = 8, started ≥60% of games), fringe 7, 30-60% games) nonstarters 4, <30% games). Methods Players were monitored all sessions games completed 2013-14 with quantified using global positioning system Prozone technology, respectively.When including both matches, total duration activity (10,678 ± 916, 9955 947, 10,136 847 min; P .50) distance covered...
Skeletal muscle is a direct target for vitamin D. Observational studies suggest that low 25[OH]D correlates with functional recovery of skeletal following eccentric contractions in humans and crush injury rats. However, definitive association yet to be established. To address this gap knowledge relation damage repair, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was performed 20 males insufficient concentrations serum 25(OH)D (45 ± 25 nmol/l). Prior 6 wk supplemental D 3 (4,000 IU/day) or placebo...
The mechanisms that regulate the enhanced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity observed when training with reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability are currently unknown. aim of present study was to test hypothesis CHO enhances p53 signaling and expression genes associated regulation mitochondrial biogenesis substrate utilization in human muscle. In a repeated-measures design, biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained from eight active males before after performing an acute bout high-intensity...
In an attempt to better identify and inform the energy requirements of elite soccer players, we quantified expenditure (EE) players from English Premier League (n = 6) via doubly labeled water method (DLW) over a 7-day in-season period. Energy intake (EI) was also assessed using food diaries, supported by remote photographic 24 hr recalls. The period consisted 5 training days (TD) 2 match (MD). Although mean daily EI (3186 ± 367 kcals) not different (p > .05) EE (3566 585 kcals), greater <...
COMBAT SPORTS ARE CATEGORIZED INTO WEIGHT CLASSES INTENDED TO PROMOTE FAIR COMPETITION BY MATCHING OPPONENTS OF EQUAL STATURE AND BODY MASS. MANY ATHLETES AIM COMPETE AT THE LIGHTEST POSSIBLE IN BELIEF THAT IT WILL OFFER A COMPETITIVE EDGE OVER OPPONENTS. CONSEQUENTLY, OFTEN RELY ON ACUTE CHRONIC DEHYDRATION RESTRICTED ENERGY INTAKE MAKE WEIGHT. CONTRAST, THIS ARTICLE OUTLINES KEY PRINCIPLES FROM EXERCISE METABOLISM NUTRITION CAN EMPLOY MORE GRADUALLY THEREFORE AVOID NEGATIVE HEALTH...
Low energy availability (LEA) is a key element of the Female Athlete Triad. Causes LEA include failure to match high exercise expenditure (unintentional) or pathological behaviors disordered eating (compulsive) and overzealous weight control programs (misguided but intentional). Recognition such scenarios in male athletes contributed pronouncement more inclusive Relative Energy Deficiency Sport (RED-S) syndrome. This commentary describes insights experience current group authors around...
Using an amalgamation of previously studied “train-low” paradigms, we tested the effects reduced carbohydrate (CHO) but high leucine availability on cell-signaling responses associated with exercise-induced regulation mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle protein synthesis (MPS). In a repeated-measures crossover design, 11 males completed exhaustive cycling protocol CHO before, during, after exercise (HIGH) or alternatively, low (leucine enriched) (LOW + LEU). Muscle glycogen was different (P...
To evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, circulatory markers GI permeability, damage, and immune response during a marathon race. Twenty-four recreational runners were randomly assigned to either supplement with (PRO) capsule [25 billion CFU Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL60 CUL21), Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL20), animalis subs p. Lactis (CUL34)] or placebo (PLC) for 28 days prior symptoms recorded period Serum lactulose:rhamnose ratio, plasma...