Abstract It is unknown if adult human skeletal muscle has an epigenetic memory of earlier encounters with growth. We report, for the first time in humans, genome-wide DNA methylation (850,000 CpGs) and gene expression analysis after hypertrophy (loading), return mass to baseline (unloading), followed by later (reloading). discovered increased frequency hypomethylation across genome reloading (18,816 versus loading (9,153 CpG sites). also identified AXIN1, GRIK2, CAMK4, TRAF1 as...

Key point Optimal vascular function is critical for health, and endurance training (ET) has previously been shown to be an effective method of improving this. Sprint interval (SIT) proposed as a time efficient alternative ET but its effect on skeletal muscle microvasculature not studied no direct comparison with made. SIT in this study were equally at decreasing arterial stiffness increasing capillarisation eNOS content. The main results suggest that both modes improve microvascular...

Intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) utilization is enhanced by endurance training (ET) and linked to improved insulin sensitivity. This study first investigated the hypothesis that ET-induced increases in net IMTG breakdown sensitivity are related increased expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) 5 (PLIN5). Second, we hypothesized sprint interval (SIT) also promotes Sixteen sedentary males performed 6 weeks either SIT (4-6, 30 s Wingate tests per session, 3 days week(-1)) or ET (40-60 min...

Excessive sitting time is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity independent of physical activity. This aim this study was to evaluate the impact sit-stand workstation on time, vascular, metabolic musculoskeletal outcomes in office workers, investigate acceptability feasibility. A two-arm, parallel-group, individually randomised controlled trial conducted one organisation. Participants were asymptomatic full-time workers aged ≥18 years. Each participant intervention...

Background Within a controlled laboratory environment, high-intensity interval training (HIT) elicits similar cardiovascular and metabolic benefits as traditional moderate-intensity continuous (MICT). It is currently unclear how HIT can be applied effectively in real-world environment. Purpose To investigate the hypothesis that 10 weeks of HIT, performed an instructor-led, group-based gym setting, improvements aerobic capacity (VO2max), cardio-metabolic risk psychological health which are...

Using an amalgamation of previously studied “train-low” paradigms, we tested the effects reduced carbohydrate (CHO) but high leucine availability on cell-signaling responses associated with exercise-induced regulation mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle protein synthesis (MPS). In a repeated-measures crossover design, 11 males completed exhaustive cycling protocol CHO before, during, after exercise (HIGH) or alternatively, low (leucine enriched) (LOW + LEU). Muscle glycogen was different (P...

Key points Skeletal muscle capillary density and vasoreactivity are reduced in obesity, due to nitric oxide bioavailability. Sprint interval training (SIT) has been proposed as a time efficient alternative moderate‐intensity continuous (MICT), but its effect on the skeletal microvasculature not studied obese individuals. We observed that SIT MICT led equal increases capillarisation endothelial eNOS content, while reducing NOX2 content microvessels of young men. conclude is equally effective...

Abstract DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that can regulate gene expression following environmental encounters without changes to the genetic code. Using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip Arrays (850,000 CpG sites) we analysed for first time, isolated from untrained human skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) at baseline (rest) and immediately acute (single) bout of resistance exercise. In same participants, also methylome a period growth (hypertrophy) evoked via...

Neutrophils and monocytes are key components of the innate immune system that undergo age‐associated declines in function. This study compared impact high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) moderate‐intensity continuous (MICT) on function sedentary adults. Twenty‐seven (43 ± 11 years) healthy adults were randomized into ten weeks either a HIIT (>90% maximum heart rate) or MICT (70% group program. Aerobic capacity (VO 2peak ), neutrophil monocyte bacterial phagocytosis oxidative burst,...

Passive heat therapy (PHT) has been proposed as an alternative intervention to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in individuals who are unable or unwilling exercise. This study aimed make the first comparison of effect PHT and MICT on 1) skeletal muscle capillarization endothelial-specific endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content 2) mitochondrial density, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) content. Twenty young sedentary males (21 ± 1 yr,...

Key points Reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability before and after exercise may augment endurance training‐induced adaptations of human skeletal muscle, as mediated via modulation cell signalling pathways. However, it is not known whether such responses are by CHO restriction, energy restriction or a combination both. In recovery from twice per day training protocol where muscle glycogen concentration maintained within 200–350 mmol kg −1 dry weight (dw), we demonstrate that acute...

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) content and perilipin 2 expression skeletal muscle tissue following 6 mo endurance-type exercise training type diabetes patients. Ten obese male patients (age 62 ± 1 yr, body mass index BMI 31 kg/m ) completed three sessions/week consisting 40 min continuous at 75% V̇o peak for a period mo. Muscle biopsies collected baseline after intervention were analyzed IMTG using fiber type-specific...

Key points Obesity and sedentary behaviour are associated with capillary rarefaction impaired muscle microvascular vasoreactivity, due to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Low‐volume high‐intensity interval training (HIT) is a time‐efficient alternative traditional moderate‐intensity continuous (MICT), but its effect on the microvasculature has not been studied. The applicability of current laboratory‐ gym‐based HIT protocols for obese individuals low fitness mobility disputed by public...

New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract has previously been shown to increase fat oxidation during prolonged exercise, but this observation is limited males. We examined whether NZBC intake also increases exercise in females, and was related greater concentrations of circulating fatty acids. In a randomised, crossover, double-blind design, 16 endurance-trained females (age: 28 ± 8 years, BMI: 21.3 2.1 kg·m−2, VO2max: 43.7 1.1 ml·kg−1·min−1) ingested 600 mg·day−1 (CurraNZ™) or placebo (600...

We investigated whether 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT) induced improvements in cardiometabolic health markers similar to moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and HIT abolished acute reductions plasma glucose levels observed after MICT sessions. Two groups sedentary individuals T1D (n = 7 per group) completed thrice weekly or MICT. Pre- post-training measurements were made 24-hour interstitial profiles, using monitors, [peak oxygen...

Abstract Hamstring muscle injury is highly prevalent in sports involving repeated maximal sprinting. Although neuromuscular fatigue thought to be a risk factor, the mechanisms underlying response sprints are unclear. Here, we show that induce accompanied with prolonged strength loss hamstring muscles. The immediate was linked both central and peripheral fatigue, while associated indicators of damage. kinematic changes immediately after sprinting likely protected fatigued hamstrings from...

The methylome and transcriptome signatures following exercise that are physiologically metabolically relevant to sporting contexts such as team sports or health prescription scenarios (e.g., high intensity interval training/HIIT) has not been investigated. To explore this, we performed two different sport/exercise high-intensity running protocols in five male sport members using a repeated measures design of: (1) change of direction (COD) versus; (2) straight line (ST) with wash-out period...

The lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2) appears to colocalize with LDs in human skeletal muscle fibres, although the function of PLIN2 regulation intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) metabolism is currently unknown. Here we investigated hypothesis that presence related IMTG utilisation during exercise. We therefore measured exercise-induced changes and distribution their colocalization. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis were obtained seven lean, untrained men (22 ±...

Increases in insulin-mediated glucose uptake following endurance training (ET) and sprint interval (SIT) have part been attributed to concomitant increases transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein content skeletal muscle. This study used an immunofluorescence microscopy method investigate changes subcellular GLUT4 distribution ET SIT. Percutaneous muscle biopsy samples were taken from the m. vastus lateralis of 16 sedentary males overnight fasted state before after 6 weeks An antibody was fully...

To compare the effect of a bout high-intensity interval training (HIT) with moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) on glucose concentrations over subsequent 24-hour period. Fourteen people type 1 diabetes [T1D (duration T1D, 8.2 ± 1.4 years)], all basal-bolus regimen, completed randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study. Continuous monitoring was used to assess glycemic control after single HIT (six 1-minute intervals) and 30 minutes MICT separate days compared nonexercise day (CON)....

We examined the effects of graded muscle glycogen on exercise capacity and modulation skeletal signaling pathways associated with regulation mitochondrial biogenesis. In a repeated-measures design, eight men completed sleep-low, train-low model comprising an evening glycogen-depleting cycling protocol followed by exhaustive test [8 × 3 min at 80% peak power output (PPO), 1-min efforts PPO until exhaustion] subsequent morning. After exercise, subjects ingested total 0 g/kg (L-CHO), 3.6...

Aim The primary aim was to assess the efficacy of self-paced sprint interval training (SIT) with low-volume high-intensity (LV-HIIT) when performed without encouragement on improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). A secondary explore whether effort exerted during protocols [power output (PO) and heart rate (HR)] influenced change in CRF. Methods In a randomised cross-over design, 82 previously inactive adults (m/f: 26/56, 28 ± 10 years, BMI 25 3 kg m −2 ) undertook 6-weeks SIT (4–8 × 30 s...

Endurance athletes exhibit higher skeletal muscle mitochondrial and lipid droplet (LD) content compared to recreationally active individuals, along with greater whole-body oxygen uptake maximal fat oxidation rates. In this study, we investigated if these differences manifest in a LD-mitochondria contact how may relate the organelles' size, shape, numerical densities. We obtained biopsies from 17 male elite triathletes road cyclists 7 men. Using quantitative transmission electron microscopy,...