This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on China's exchange rate volatility from December 2001 to November 2018. Using quantile regression, our results show that EPU in China exhibits asymmetry as well heterogeneity different markets. The for impacts positively and significantly all quantiles volatilities rates. Furthermore, we observe has a mixed effect with apparent economy-by-economy differences. US, Europe Japan have significant impacts, while Hong Kong is...

<abstract> <p>In the context of high-quality economic development in China, it is important to promote green innovation by protecting intellectual property rights (IPR). Taking pilot policy courts Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou for example a quasi-natural experiment, this article examines effect IPR protection on corporate its mechanisms using difference-in-differences model mediating based Chinese enterprise data from 2011 2019. The study found that first, promotes...

Investigating teachers’ and students’ different definitions of school bullying is important for necessary prevention effective intervention. This study compared from the perspectives bystanders, bullies, victims, educators. A total 1,558 secondary educators students in Taiwan participated this research, including 967 (537 217 213 victims) 591 Participants wrote their answers to open-ended question, ‘What your opinion?’. The grounded theory method was employed analyse collected qualitative...

Using cross-societal probability data consisting of 2582 adolescents from Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Taiwan, this research investigated the prevalence or rates cyberbullying explored similarities differences in ranking orders victimisation behaviour associations gender grade level with among these three societies. The results revealed that is prevalent online curses/insults/humiliation was most frequent form cyberbullying. showed more discordance than concordance across Males are likely...

Bullying in schools remains a critical issue, and teachers often struggle to identify students at risk of victimization. This study explores the prevalence various forms bullying among high-risk groups Taiwanese schools, using peer perspectives gain insight. A total 1,732 (734 males 998 females) participated survey that measured 10 common types bullying, assessing both students’ perceptions actual frequency occurrences over past 6 months. The multidimensional Rasch model (Kelderman, 1996)...

This study aims to evaluate the effect of electricity production on industrial development and sustainable economic growth. In this context, Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS), countries which have highest increase in period 2000–2018, are included scope study. Annual data these variables 1991–2018 used three different models created by using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) methodology. The findings state that BRICS has a positive both Hence, needs be increased for them. For...

This study examined the similarities and differences between three distinct Chinese societies (Taiwan, Hong Kong, China) regarding contribution of gender grade level to school violence, ranking orders perpetration victimization behavior, correlates nonattendance due violence. A cross-national random sample 2,582 junior high students was obtained. The results Rasch analyzes revealed that verbal violence is most frequent. Male are likely be aggressive victimized. Grade-level in were shown weak...

The study aims to develop three school bullying scales—the Bully Scale, the Victim and Witness Scale—to assess secondary students’ behaviors, including physical bullying, verbal relational cyber bullying. items of scales were developed from viewpoints bullies, victims, witnesses. Two samples Taiwanese students participated in test development, one for item revision other validation. Samples 1 2 consisted 860 3,941 students, respectively. Rasch techniques applied model—data fit scales....

Research on school bullying has tended to focus its prevalence or frequency while ignoring perceived severity. This study attempted construct a School Bullying Severity Scale (SBSS). The original 24-item instrument, revised from the Victim of Scales, covered four categories physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying. partial credit model was used conduct Rasch analysis with ConQuest software data derived two samples Taiwanese secondary students. Sample 1 sample 2 consisted 605 869...

Estimates of bullying and victimization rates vary depending on how these are measured. The current study used survey methods the World Health Organisation (WHO) to investigate prevalence school among secondary students in Taiwan. We also examined whether results differed between surveys with without definitions bullying. Olweus-type global items timeframe, response categories, cut-off point adopted WHO’s Behaviour School-Aged Children were this study. Surveys administered Taiwan (grades...

This study examined the determinants of students’ willingness to intervene in bullying incidents, as well process underlying defending behaviors. The participants were 24 students (12 defenders and 12 outsiders) recruited from six secondary schools southern Taiwan. used semi-structured interviews collect qualitative data a grounded theory approach analyse data. results showed that bystanders situations tended assess perceived severity incident, personal responsibility, affective factors,...

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived severity school bullying among participants with different roles (victims, bullies, bullies/victims and non-involved individuals) determine whether interactions between type participant exist. Two Olweus-like global items a revised School Bullying Severity Scale for elementary students were used in study. A total 1816 valid surveys completed by grades 5 6 (mean age = 11.5, SD .84) collected. Data analysed using mixed-model two-way ANOVA....

This study aimed to develop a new scale examine primary and secondary school students' perceptions of the severity cyberbullying behaviours, explore further whether differences exist in means gender, grade participant role. A total 707 students (M = 14.7) Taiwan participated this study. Two Olweus-like global items were used identify roles. self-reported (CSS) was developed validated by Rasch measurement. Results supported reliability validity 16-item CSS. Impersonation rated as most serious...

Previous studies have demonstrated that elevated admission and fasting glucose (FG) is associated with worse outcomes in patients acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the quantitative relationship between FG levels in-hospital mortality AMI remains unknown. The aim of study to assess prevalence hospitalized Chinese diabetes mellitus determine as well optimal level mellitus. A retrospective was carried out 1856 consecutive admitted for from 2002 2013. Clinical variables baseline...

This study draws on the perspectives of educators to explore factors and processes underlying wisdom development. We interviewed 25 wise Taiwanese nominees used a grounded theory method analyze qualitative data. The mentioned eight facilitative factors, including work experiences, life social interactions, observations, family teachings, professional development, religion, reading. process development involves conditions, inner assimilation adjustment, transformations actual actions,...

Validazione e standardizzazione

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND This study reports students' perspectives on the frequency and perceived severity of being bullied. METHODS A sample 1816 elementary school students completed self‐report surveys Rasch technique aligned different victimized behaviors interval logit scales. 4‐fold schema was used to identify intersection between RESULTS There not a statistically significant correlation 2 measures (r = .02). Behaviors that included hit kicked, cursed at, ostracized, threatened, shoved or...

Clarification of how individuals in different roles perceive the victims and causes bullying is great importance to educational research practice. The present study aimed investigate opinions (bullies, victims, bystanders, educators) regarding targets identify differences among various perspectives. A total 1558 participants from 77 secondary schools Taiwan responded questionnaire, including 537 217 bullies, 213 591 educators. Grounded-theory method was employed analyse qualitative data....

This research aimed to investigate educators' implicit perspectives on wisdom in order compare interpersonal and intrapersonal help identify similarities or differences between these two theoretical perspectives. A total of 56 educators Taiwan were interviewed individually. We utilised the grounded theory method analyse qualitative data. Results showed that both converged four core components wisdom: intrapsychic integration, actions service problem solving ideal implementation, positive...