In this paper we illustrate the ability of electrooptic sensors to perform electric (E)-field vectorial measurements. Thanks their frequency response spreading over nine decades and measurement dynamics reaching 120 dB, these are high interest for some applications (near field mapping, energy line monitoring, electromagnetic compatibility, so on). Furthermore, due fully dielectric structure millimetric size, almost no perturbation is induced on E-field be measured, even in near region. This...

Pulsed power and intense electric field now apply to a large variety of domains for which the need in situ nonperturbative measurements remains challenge. The main requirements that sensors should fulfill purpose are nonmetallic composition, small size, ultrawide bandwidth, compatibility with liquids gases, possibility remote at long distances, true vectorial (field direction) time-domain measurements, capability measuring fields up breakdown air, dynamic range. Obviously, all these cannot...

Abstract Non-intrusive, wide bandwidth and spatial resolution are terms often heard in electric field sensing. Despite of the fact that conventional electromagnetic probes (EMF) can exhibit notable functional performances, they fail perturbation E-field due to their loaded metallic structure. In addition, even though electro-optical technology offers an alternative, it requires large interaction lenghts which severely limit sensing performances resolution. Here, we focus on miniaturizing...

We present pigtailed electro-optic probes that allow a simultaneous measurement of high frequency electric fields and temperature using unique laser probe beam. This has been achieved by the development novel design associated with fully automated servo-controlled optical bench, initially developed to stabilize field sensor response. The stable response in outdoors conditions over time duration exceeding 1 h, bandwidth from kHz tens GHz sensitivity 0.7 Vm(-1)Hz(-(1/2)), accuracy 40 mK.

Based on an isotropic electro-optic crystal, a two-port pigtailed sensor has been built. The probe allows to measure two orthogonal components of the ambient electric field. intrinsically presents temperature-dependent free response. measured field are revolution axis, leading transverse probe. Magnitude and orientation simultaneously with accuracy 0.5 dB 2°, respectively. rejection vector reaches 30 dB.

The authors present a two-component electric field measurement using single electro-optic crystal and laser probe beam. This vectorial based on polarization state modulation is possible isotropic crystals for which directions of the eigendielectric axes are directly linked to direction applied field. proposed method can be used either continuous wave or shot measurements as two components measured simultaneously.

High intensity nanosecond pulsed electric fields and temperature were simultaneously measured using a unique electro-optic (EO) probe. The measurements performed in an electroporation cuvette with 4 mm electrode gap filled buffered salt solution. voltage generators delivering 2.6 10 ns duration pulses different shape investigated. EO probe linearity was characterized up to 2 MV/m. measurement uncertainty found be less than 22 mK. Excellent abilities achieved this showing its suitability for...

In this letter, the temperature measurement ability of an electrooptic probe as well specific absorption rate (SAR) assessments via simultaneous in situ and electric field characterization are reported. The measurements carried out at 1800 MHz a Petri dish filled with water solution placed transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell. From sensitivity measurements, standard deviation 27 mK is obtained. SAR values obtained both also compared to finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated...

We present a terahertz (THz) time-domain spectrometer dedicated to polarimetric studies. THz pulses are generated through optical rectification in ⟨111⟩-cut cubic crystal. The ⟨111⟩ crystal cut produces polarization state similar that of the exciting laser beam. Detection is performed by electro-optic sampling crystal, and dual detection scheme allows us measure simultaneously two components experimentally illustrate beam can be adjusted adjusting polarization. This technique alleviates need...

In this paper, we present radio-frequency electro-magnetic field characterization of an electrooptic (EO) probe. This probe is able to simultaneously measure temperature and one component the electric (e-field) in a continuous wave (CW) or pulsed regime. For purpose, linearity, selectivity, sensitivity measurements are performed air cuvette filled with water solution. The media exposed 1800-MHz CW electromagnetic through transverse cell. Numerical also using finite-difference time-domain...

We present, in this paper, pigtailed electro-optic sensors dedicated to the measurement of high power microwave signals outdoors conditions.We give results on single-shot pulses obtained with long fibre links (> 20 m) hard environmental conditions (temperature variations up 30°C).In these awkward we obtain very stable measurements rms signal fluctuations lower than 0.2 dB.We focus here especially design temperature-dependent-free system.I.

During magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, the average specific absorption rate (SAR) of whole body is calculated as an index global energy deposition in biological tissue without taking into account presence metallic implants or conductive materials. However, this SAR calculation not sufficient to ensure patient safety and a local measurement should be carried out. Several techniques have already been used evaluate SAR, particular electric field (E-field) probes, but accuracy...

We record a sub-wavelength terahertz image of caster sugar grain thanks to optical rectification in the sample excited with femtosecond laser beam. The lateral spatial resolution this technique is given by spot size at and here its measured value 50 μm, i.e. ~λ/12. give an estimation ultimate that could be achieved method.

Using a diffraction grating with elliptically curved grooves engraved at the top of an aluminum slab, surface plasmons in terahertz frequency range are efficiently excited incoming parallel beam and focused over metal down to limit. At 0.5 THz, lateral confinement plasmon is 1 mm while its extension air 0.74 mm, much smaller than calculated value for semi-infinite substrate having conductivity bulk aluminum.

A pigtailed Ti:LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguide is here associated to a specific nuclear magnetic resonant coil perform low invasive field measurement. The developed device exploits passive electro-optic transduction between the measured and polarization state modulation of laser probe beam. Because use integrated optics, electromotive force induces dramatically enhanced electric field, thus leading...

Based on optical rectification in a ZnTe crystal, vectorial terahertz (THz) emitter is here theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. The use of the particular orientation 〈111〉 leads to polarization state angle tunable THz source. This configuration requires only an wave plate manage impinging state, thus adjusting transverse electric field orientation. Moreover, efficiency as well signal bandwidth remain constant from horizontal vertical Terahertz polarization. same acting then like...

In this article, we introduce correlation technologies both at RF/mmWave and baseband frequencies. At RF mmWave frequencies, power-spectra energy-spectra metrics are introduced for measuring the power-density of mobile devices systems. New ASIC-embedded smart connectors developed bringing correlation-based signal processing close to antenna modules. DSP-based convolutional accelerators proposed fast accurate measurement EVM (error vector magnitude) using technologies. Porting into advanced...

We present a high-finesse optical cavity containing LiTaO(3) electro-optic crystal, devoted to free-space electric field characterization. Theoretical considerations will show that the modulation depth is directly related transversal components of be measured, thus opening way vectorial mapping using single crystal. Also, discussion about noise and sensitivity given. As latter increases with effective length, bandwidth decreases, trade-off realized, allowing us measure an 60 mV/m/ sqrt[Hz]...

In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal associated with typical nuclear magnetic resonant loop coil to perform an optically remote radio frequency magnetic-field characterization. The whole transduction scheme is theoretically and experimentally studied. measurement dynamics reaches 60 dB. minimum detectable field lower than 1 nT, which corresponds induced inner electric as...

The ability to measure, monitor and control energy consumption at several key locations in a manufacturing plant is major prerequisite for any efficient management program. To identify evaluate savings, one must get clear view of how the used. Furthermore, measuring flows necessary conditions long lasting energyefficient solutions. Most time managers are reluctant put place power flow rate devices either because their cost or this implies stopping production. find acceptable economical...

In this paper we demonstrate the effectiveness of an active optical detuning circuit for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) endoluminal receiver coil.Three coils prototypes were built: a coil without any circuit, with galvanic (classic) using PIN diode, and two photodiodes in parallel diode.These built characterized on laboratory experimental bench.Then, vitro experiment was performed 3.0 T MR system to evaluate impact detuned phase image uniformity distribution measured body coil.Next, used...

We here demonstrate the potentialities of pigtailed electrooptic probes to perform vectorial electric field characterizations dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs). The analysis leads accurate determination breakdown voltage and associated in vicinity discharge. A polarimetric DBDs is proposed due real-time measurement longitudinal radial components vector. Moreover, transition from capacitive resistive behavior characterized at field.

The aim of the present work is to investigate efficiency electro-optic electric field sensor characterize and detect partial discharges in medium or high voltage equipment such as air gas insulated switchgear. Partial (PD) are frequently caused by an increase surrounding conductors (metal particles, spikes, etc.) at level cavities cracks solid insulators (cables, insulators, etc.). These phenomena cause ionization, heating, material physicochemical degradation, electromagnetic disturbances,...