The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex plays a critical role in antimicrobial functions phagocytic cells immune system. catalytic core this consists between gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and rac-2. Mutations each phox components, except have been described cases chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), defining their essential function. We sought to establish p40phox investigating NADPH...

Abstract Electrical signals are fundamental to key biological events such as brain activity, heartbeat, or vital hormone secretion. Their capture and analysis provide insight into cell organ physiology a number of bioelectronic medical devices aim improve signal acquisition. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) have proven their capacity neuronal cardiac with high fidelity amplification. Vertical PEDOT:PSS‐based OECTs (vOECTs) further enhance amplification device density but not been...

Abstract Electric pulses used in electroporation-based treatments have been shown to affect the excitability of muscle and neuronal cells. However, understanding interplay between electroporation electrophysiological response excitable cells is complex, since both ion channel gating depend on dynamic changes transmembrane voltage (TMV). In this study, a genetically engineered human embryonic kidney expressing Na V 1.5 K ir 2.1, minimal complementary channels required for (named S-HEK), was...

Abstract Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a conducting polymer commonly used to coat the electrodes of biomedical devices reduce impedance and improve charge injection. The stimulation performance such depends on coating thickness due volumetric properties polymer. Here, influence PEDOT:PSS impedance, injection, electrode stability examined. results show that stacking spin‐coated layers reliable method control without introducing electronic or...

The temperature-dependent fluorescence property of Rhodamine B was used to measure changes in temperature at the cellular level induced by either infrared laser light exposure or high intensity, ultrashort pulsed electric fields. thermal impact these stimuli were demonstrated time and contrasted with change observed extracellular bath. method takes advantage sensitivity fluorescent dye which has a quantum yield linearly dependent on temperature. effects different temporal pulse applications...

Neural electrophysiology is often conducted with traditional, rigid depth probes. The mechanical mismatch between these probes and soft brain tissue unfavorable for interfacing. Making compliant can improve biocompatibility, but as a consequence, they become more difficult to insert into the brain. Therefore, new methods inserting neural must be developed.Here, we present bioresorbable shuttle based on hydrolytically degradable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)....

Transparent microelectrode arrays enable simultaneous electrical recording and optical imaging of neuronal networks in the brain. Electrodes made conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are transparent; however, device fabrication necessitates specific processes to avoid deterioration organic material. Here, we present an innovative scheme for a neural probe that consists transparent PEDOT:PSS electrodes demonstrate its compatibility...

Electrical stimulation is a powerful tool for investigating and modulating brain activity, as well treating neurological disorders. However, understanding the precise effects of electrical on neural activity has been hindered by limitations in recording neuronal responses near stimulating electrode, such artifacts electrophysiology or obstruction field view imaging. In this study, we introduce novel device fabricated from conductive polymers that transparent therefore compatible with optical...

Background: Consumer-grade electroencephalography devices have become increasingly available over the last decade. These been used in a clinical setting, notably for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Aims: The aim of this study was to chart peer-review articles that currently consumer-grade support neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosis, identifying neural biomarkers. We provide an overview research conducted with Nautilus, Enobio, Mindwave and others. also inform future by exploring current...

Abstract Infrared neural stimulation is a promising tool for stimulating the brain because it can be used to excite with high spatial precision without need of delivering or inserting any exogenous agent into tissue. Very few studies have explored its use in brain, as most investigations focused on sensory motor nerve stimulation. Using intravital calcium imaging genetically encoded indicator GCaMP6f, here we show that application infrared induces intracellular signals Layer 2/3 neurons...

In the course of modern daily life, individuals are exposed to numerous sources electromagnetic radiation that not present in natural environment. The strength fields from such as hairdryers, computer display units and other electrical devices is modest. However, many home office environments, can experience perpetual exposure an "electromagnetic smog", with occasional peaks relatively high field intensity. This has led concerns affect health. particular, emissions mobile phones or phone...

In the last decade, high-intensity pulsed electric fields with nanosecond durations (3-300 ns) have found breakthrough biomedical applications, e.g., in cancer treatment and gene therapy; however, physical mechanisms underlying interaction between (nsPEFs) cells, tissues, or organs are not yet fully elucidated. The precise knowledge of electromagnetic dose received by exposed sample at macroscopic, better still microscopic scale, is essential to complete our understanding phenomena involved...

Abstract Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are a versatile diagnostic tool to study neural networks. Culture of primary neurons on these platforms allows for extracellular recordings action potentials. Despite many advances made in the technology improve such recordings, recording yield MEAs remains sparse. Here, enhanced is shown induced by varying cell densities poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)‐coated MEAs. It demonstrated that high (900 cells mm −2 ) cortical increase...

Multicolor multiphoton microscopy is experimentally demonstrated for the first time on a spectral bandwidth of excitation 300 nm (full width half maximum) thanks to implementation nanosecond supercontinuum (SC) source compact and simple with low repetition rate. The interest such wide bandwidth, never until now, highlighted in vivo: images glioma tumor cells stably expressing eGFP grafted brain mouse its blood vessels network labelled Texas Red(®) are obtained. These two fluorophores have...

The influence of infrared laser pulses on intracellular Ca 2+ signaling was investigated in neural cell lines with fluorescent live imaging. probe Fluo‐4 used to measure HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons and nonelectrically excitable U87 human glioblastoma cells exposed 50 500 ms at 1470 nm. Fluorescence recordings demonstrated that stimulation induced an instantaneous transient similar dose‐response characteristics (half‐maximal effective energy density EC around 58 J.cm −2 ). For both type...

High intensity nanosecond pulsed electric fields and temperature were simultaneously measured using a unique electro-optic (EO) probe. The measurements performed in an electroporation cuvette with 4 mm electrode gap filled buffered salt solution. voltage generators delivering 2.6 10 ns duration pulses different shape investigated. EO probe linearity was characterized up to 2 MV/m. measurement uncertainty found be less than 22 mK. Excellent abilities achieved this showing its suitability for...

High-voltage (HV) ultrashort pulse technologies have found many applications in areas such as medicine, biology, food processing, environmental science and defense. Some are dependent on the parameters duration, amplitude, shape, well number of pulses applied frequency rate. Generators that can produce powerful electrical with adjustable amplitude shape convenient but still unusual. In this paper, we present characterize a robust versatile generator built frozen wave concept using...

In this letter, the temperature measurement ability of an electrooptic probe as well specific absorption rate (SAR) assessments via simultaneous in situ and electric field characterization are reported. The measurements carried out at 1800 MHz a Petri dish filled with water solution placed transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell. From sensitivity measurements, standard deviation 27 mK is obtained. SAR values obtained both also compared to finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated...