ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate the discriminatory ability of two clinical measures and one device-based measure gait balance for concussed youth. Methods We enrolled 81 cases 90 controls age 14–18 yr old from August 2017 to June 2018. Controls were recruited a suburban high school, concussion program an academic pediatric tertiary care center. Tests included measures: 1) complex tandem gait, scored as sway/errors walking forward backward eyes open closed; 2) Modified Balance Error Scoring System...

Background: Recent advances in technology have enabled the development of head impact sensors, which provide a unique opportunity for sports medicine researchers to study kinematics contact sports. Studies suggested that video or observer confirmation sensor data is required remove false positives. In addition, manufacturer filtering algorithms may be ineffective identifying true positives and removing negatives. Purpose: To (1) identify percentage video-confirmed events recorded by...

Wearable devices are increasingly used to measure real-world head impacts and study brain injury mechanisms. These must undergo validation testing ensure they provide reliable accurate information for impact sensing, controlled laboratory should be the first step of validation. Past studies have applied varying methodologies, some been deployed on-field use without This paper presents best practices recommendations validating wearable kinematic in laboratory, with goal standardizing test...

Background: Repeated head impacts sustained by athletes have been linked to short-term neurophysiologic deficits; thus, there is growing concern about the number of in sports. Accurate impact exposure data obtained via sensors may help identify appropriate strategies across sports and between genders mitigate repetitive impacts. Purpose: To quantify sport- gender-based differences rate mechanism for adolescents. Study Design: Cohort study; Level evidence, 2. Methods: High school female male...

ABSTRACT Introduction Repetitive head impacts in soccer have been linked to short-term neurophysiological deficits, and female players higher concussion rates than males. These findings inspired investigation into gender differences impact exposure how rate contributes the cumulative effect of on neurological outcomes. Various periods used calculate rates, including per season, game, player-hour. Purpose The aim this study was apply different methodological approaches quantify compare by for...

Finite element (FE) modeling provides a means to examine how global kinematics of repetitive head loading in sports influences tissue level injury metrics. FE simulations controlled soccer headers two directions were completed using human model estimate biomechanical on the brain by direction. Overall, associated with 95th percentile peak maximum principal strains up 0.07 and von Mises stresses 1450 Pa, oblique trended toward higher values than frontal but below typical levels. These...

Head impact sensors measure head kinematics in sports, and sensor accuracy is crucial for investigating the potential link between repetitive loading clinical outcomes. Many validation studies mount to human surrogates compare kinematic measures during from a linear impactor. These are often unable distinguish intrinsic instrumentation limitations variability caused by coupling. The aim of current study was evaluate error angular velocity absence coupling common sensor. Two Triax SIM-G were...

There is concern that repetitive head impact exposure (RHIE) may lead to neurophysiological deficits in adolescents. Twelve high school varsity soccer players (5 female) completed the King-Devick (K-D) and complex tandem gait (CTG) assessments pre- post-season while wearing a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) sensor. The average load (AHIL) for each athlete-season was determined via standardised protocol of video-verification headband-based sensor data. Linear mixed effect models...

Current debate exists regarding the need for protective headwear in female lacrosse. To inform this issue, current study quantified head impact exposure, mechanisms and kinematics lacrosse using instrumented mouthguards. A high school varsity team of 17 players wore Stanford Instrumented Mouthguard (MiG) during 14 competitive games. Video footage was reviewed to remove false-positive recordings verify impacts, which resulted a rate 0.32 impacts per athlete-exposure. Of 31 video-confirmed...

Field studies have evaluated the accuracy of sensors to measure head impact exposure using video analysis, but few studied false negatives. Therefore, aim current study was investigate proportion potential negatives in high school soccer data. High athletes (23 females and 31 males) wore headband-mounted Smart Impact Monitor-G during competitive games. Video footage from 41 varsity games analyzed by 2 independent reviewers identify contact events, which were defined as visually observed...

Repeated head loading in sports is associated with negative long-term brain health, and there growing evidence of short-term neurophysiological changes after repeated soccer heading. The objective this study was to quantify the kinematics effects repetitive headers adolescents using an instrumented mouthguard. Adolescent players aged 13-18 years were randomly assigned a kicking control, frontal heading, or oblique heading group. Participants completed assessments at three-time points:...

To evaluate pre - to post-season differences in individual subtests of the Visio-Vestibular Examination (VVE) healthy middle and high school athletes.This prospective cohort study recruited participants from a private suburban United States secondary school. Participants completed demographic questionnaire prior start their season. A proxy for head impact exposure was estimated by incorporating previously published frequencies team sport. The VVE consisted 9 subtests: smooth pursuit,...

<h3>Objective</h3> A lack of quantitative evidence exists regarding head impact exposure in female lacrosse. Therefore, the objective was to quantify rates, mechanisms and kinematics impacts high school lacrosse from video-verified events recorded by instrumented mouthguards. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective cohort observational study. <h3>Setting</h3> One season (16 games) competition. <h3>Participants</h3> Adolescent (n=6) players. <h3>Outcome Measures</h3> Head rate calculated as number...

<h3>Objective</h3> To apply different methodological approaches to quantify and compare head impact rates by gender for two seasons of high school varsity soccer. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional. <h3>Setting</h3> Suburban school. <h3>Participants</h3> Adolescent soccer players on teams at a single <h3>Interventions (or Assessment Risk Factors)</h3> Players wore headband-mounted sensors (SIM-G, Triax Technologies) during competitive games seasons. <h3>Outcome Measures</h3> Head exposure was...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant neurophysiological deficits and is typically associated with rapid head accelerations common in sports-related incidents automobile accidents. There are over 1.5 million TBIs the United States each year, children aged 0-4 being particularly vulnerable. TBI diagnosis currently achieved through interpretation of clinical signs symptoms neuroimaging; however, there increasing interest minimally invasive fluid biomarkers to detect objectively...

Previous studies have investigated the head impact kinematics of purposeful heading in youth soccer; however, less than a third all injuries soccer been found to involve ball contact. The aim current study was identify and exposure not associated with male soccer. Headband-mounted sensors were used monitor junior varsity middle school teams during games. Video analysis sensor-recorded events code mechanism, surface site. Junior players had non-header rates 0.28 per athlete-exposure (AE) 0.37...

Recent advances in technology have enabled the development of instrumented equipment, which estimate head impact kinematics athletes vivo. One such headband-mounted sensor is SIM-G (Triax Technologies, Norwalk, CT, USA), has been previously used to investigate biomechanics soccer heading by human subjects. Previous studies evaluated accuracy for pure rotation and pendulum, impulse hammer drop rig impacts. The current study a ball model evaluate SIM-G. A was projected at an anthropomorphic...