Phylogenetic relationships of five jujube witches'-broom (JWB) phytoplasma isolates from four different districts, and other phytoplasmas, were investigated by 16S rDNA PCR amplification sequence analysis. The sequences any pair the JWB phytoplasmas > 99.5% similar. most closely related to that elm yellows (EY) in 16S-group VIII. analysis isolates, together with archived GenBank, produced a tree which clustered as discrete subgroup. uniqueness appears be correlated specific insect vector...

We have so far cloned a cDNA encoding hybrid‐type histidine kinase (ATHK1), three cDNAs phosphorelay intermediates (ATHP1–3), and four response regulators (ATRR1–4) from Arabidopsis thaliana . To determine which molecules constitute His to Asp pathway, we examined protein–protein interactions between them using pairwise yeast two‐hybrid analysis, as an initial step. detected specific interaction ATHK1 ATHP1. further ATHP1–3 other kinases. ETR1 all ATHPs, CKI1 ATHP1 or ATHP2. Interestingly,...

Three cDNAs that encode two‐component phosphorelay‐mediator‐like proteins were cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana . Putative (ATHP1–3) contain an HPt ( istidine‐containing hospho ransfer)‐like domain with a conserved histidine and some invariant residues are involved in phosphorelay. Growth retardation of YPD1 ‐disrupted yeast cells was reversed ATHPs, which indicates ATHPs function as phosphorelay mediators cells. The ATHP genes expressed more roots than other tissues, similar to the...

A gene that encodes a putative SecE protein, which is component of the Sec protein-translocation system, was cloned from onion yellows phytoplasma (OY). The identification this and previously reported genes encoding SecA SecY provides evidence system exists in phytoplasma. In addition, an antigenic membrane protein (Amp) (a type immunodominant protein) OY sequenced. amp consisted 702 nt 233 aa highly similar to Amp aster (AY). Part overexpressed Escherichia coli, purified, used raise...

Citrus greening (huanglongbing) is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. It spread by psyllids and associated with phloem-limited bacteria three species α-Proteobacteria, namely, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. L. americanus', africanus'. Recent findings suggested that some Japanese strains lack bacteriophage-type DNA polymerase region (DNA pol), in contrast to Floridian psy62 strain. The whole genome sequence pol-negative asiaticus' isolate Ishi-1 was determined...

Abstract Background We assessed the feasibility of a new probe attachment (PA) developed to improve ease holding drop-in-type L43K ultrasound during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. Materials and methods retrospectively analyzed outcomes 58 patients after nephrectomy using conventional grip 13 surgery PA between September 2019 February 2021. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed adjust for potential baseline confounders. The usability evaluated regarding (1) total procedure time...

Two lines of onion yellows phytoplasma producing milder symptoms were isolated from the original line (OY-W). One has an additional characteristic, non-insect-transmissibility (OY-NIM), compared with other (OY-M). OY-M was established after maintaining OY-W for 11 years on a plant host (Chrysanthemum coronarium) insect vector (Macrosteles striifrons), and OY-NIM subsequent maintenance in plants by periodic grafting. Polymerase chain analysis suggested that cannot traverse gut or survive...

In Korea, Japanese chestnut trees (Castanea crenata Sieb. and Zucc.) showing symptoms indicative of witches' broom disease, including abnormally small leaves yellowing young leaves, were examined. Since the suggestive a phytoplasma infection, tissues assayed for phytoplasmas by PCR analysis using pair universal primers that amplify 1.4-kbp 16S rDNA fragment. The phytoplasma-specific fragment was amplified from diseased plants, but not healthy indicating causal agent (CnWB) disease....

Due to the lack of a means inoculate plants mechanically, histological dynamics and in planta spread phytoplasmas have been studied very little. We analyzed plant infection by phytoplasmas, using technique infect limited area leaf, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, immunohistochemical visualization. Following localized inoculation leaf garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) vector leafhopper Macrosteles striifrons, onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma within from...

Phytoplasmas are plant-pathogenic bacteria that cause numerous diseases. This study shows a strong positive selection on the phytoplasma antigenic membrane protein (Amp). The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions was >1 with all methods we tested. clear selections imply an important biological role for Amp in host-bacterium interactions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and relationships among ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ isolates from different hosts distinct geographical areas in Southeast Asia. Genetic ‘Ca. estimated by sequencing four well-characterized DNA fragments: 16S ribosomal (rDNA) 16S/23S intergenic spacer regions; outer membrane protein (omp) gene region; trmU-tufB-secE-nusG-rplKAJL-rpoB region (gene cluster region); bacteriophage-type polymerase region. sequences rDNA...

Genes encoding SecA and SecY proteins, essential components of the Sec protein translocation system, were cloned from onion yellows phytoplasma, an unculturable plant pathogenic bacterium. The secA gene consists 2,505 nucleotides 835 amino acid (95.7 kDa) shows highest similarity with Bacillus subtilis. Anti-SecA rabbit antibody was prepared a purified partial protein, histidine tag expressed in Escherichia coli. Western blot analysis confirmed that (approximately 96 is produced...

A phloem-limited bacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) is a major pathogen of citrus greening (huanglongbing), one the most destructive diseases worldwide. The rapid identification and culling infected trees budwoods in quarantine are important control measures. DNA amplification including conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has commonly been used for detection identification. However, long laborious procedures extraction have greatly reduced applicability this...

Recombination among bacterial extrachromosomal DNAs (EC-DNAs) plays a major evolutionary role by creating genetic diversity, and provides the potential for rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions. Previously, 7 kbp EC-DNA, EcOYW1, with geminivirus-like rolling-circle-replication protein (Rep) gene was isolated characterized from an original wild-type line (OY-W) of onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma, endocellular cell-wall-less prokaryote that inhabits cytoplasm both plant insect cells....

A new extrachromosomal DNA, EcOYW1, was cloned from the onion yellows phytoplasma (OY-W). Southern blot and PCR analysis showed that EcOYW1 is not present in OY-M, a mild symptom line derived OY-W. We determined complete nucleotide sequence of EcOYW1; it circular dsDNA 7·0 kbp length, which contains seven ORFs. ORF1 encoded homologue geminivirus Rep protein. Western immunoblot revealed this expressed OY-W infected plants, suggesting replicates via geminivirus-like rolling-circle replication...

Phytoplasmas are cell-wallless Gram-positive low G + C bacteria belonging to the Mollicutes that inhabit cytoplasm of plants and insects. Although phytoplasmas possess two ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons, only one has been fully sequenced. Here, we determined complete nucleotide sequence both rrn operons (designated rrnA rrnB) onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma. Both have rRNA genes organized as 5′-16S-23S-5S-3′ with very highly conserved sequences; 16S, 23S, 5S 99.9, 99.8, 99.1% identical between...

Thymidylate kinase (TMK) catalyses the phosphorylation of dTMP to form dTDP in both de novo and salvage pathways dTTP synthesis prokaryotes eukaryotes. Two homologues bacterial thymidylate genes were identified a genomic library onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma, plant pathogen that inhabits phloem organs insects. Southern blotting analysis suggested OY genome contained one copy tmk-b gene multiple copies tmk-a gene. Sequencing PCR products generated by amplification enabled identification...

ABSTRACT Antisera raised against phloem-limited phytoplasmas generally react only with the phytoplasma strain used to produce antigen. There is a need for an antiserum that reacts variety of phytoplasmas. Here, we show SecA membrane protein onion yellows phytoplasma, which belongs aster 16S-group, detected eight strains from four distinct 16S-groups (aster yellows, western X, rice yellow dwarf, and elm yellows). In immunoblots, approximately 96-kDa was in plants infected each...

An 11.4-kbp region of genomic DNA containing the complete S10-spc operon was constructed by an integrative mapping technique with eight plasmid vectors carrying ribosomal protein sequences from onion yellows phytoplasma. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that phytoplasmal is a single-copy operon. This first phytoplasma to be reported, although only part six serial genes S10 reported previously. The has context 5′-rps10, rpl3, rpl4, rpl23, rpl2, rps19, rpl22, rps3, rpl16, rpl29,...