Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), was originally purified from rat stomach. Like synthetic secretagogues (GHSs), ghrelin specifically releases (GH) after intravenous administration. Also consistent with central actions of GHSs, ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were shown to be located in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus as well Recently, we showed that a single administration increased food intake and agouti-related protein (AGRP) gene expression...

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), was originally purified from rat stomach. Like synthetic GHSs, ghrelin specifically releases GH following intravenous administration. Also consistent with central actions of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were shown to be located in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus as well However, have not been elucidated. Here, we used radioactive situ hybridization histochemistry examine effects administration on neuropeptide...

Growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) stimulate GH secretion and food intake. GHS receptor (GHS-R) mRNA has been identified mainly in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) ventromedial of hypothalamus pituitary. Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for GHS-R, recently purified from rat stomach. Although ghrelin is also expressed hypothalamus, physiological significance ghrelin/GHS-R system still unknown. We have created transgenic (Tg) rats expressing antisense GHS-R under control promoter tyrosine hydroxylase...

Growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) stimulate GH secretion and food intake. GHS receptor (GHS-R) mRNA has been identified mainly in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) ventromedial of hypothalamus pituitary. Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for GHS-R, recently purified from rat stomach. Although ghrelin is also expressed hypothalamus, physiological significance ghrelin/GHS-R system still unknown. We have created transgenic (Tg) rats expressing antisense GHS-R under control promoter tyrosine hydroxylase...

The relationships between facial expression and color affect human cognition functions such as perception memory. However, whether these influence selective attention brain activity contributed to remains unclear. For example, reddish angry faces increase emotion intensity, but it is unclear are similarly enhanced. To investigate questions, we examined event-related potentials for vary depending on by recording electroencephalography (EEG) data. We conducted an oddball task using stimuli...

It is shown that the green/blue luminescence which found in oxidized nanocrystalline and ‘‘porous’’ silicon associated with presence of OH groups adsorbed on structural defects SiO2 network.

Abstract Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a), was originally purified from rat stomach. Ghrelin mRNA and peptide have also been detected in hypothalamus pituitary. is a novel acylated that regulates release energy metabolism. GHS-R1a expressed pituitary gland as well several areas of brain including hypothalamus. In this study, we examined whether ghrelin could stimulate secretion feeding chronic GHRH, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein deficient...

Synaptic plasticity requires an activity-dependent, rapid, and long-lasting modification of synaptic character, including morphology coupling strength. Here we show that a serine protease, neuropsin, directly specifically modifies the adhesion molecule L1, which was localized to presynaptic site asymmetric synapse in mouse hippocampus. Increased neural activity triggered transient activation precursor form neuropsin NMDA receptor-dependent manner. The activated immediately cleaved L1...

Abstract Perineuronal nets (PNNs), proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix structures, are thought to be expressed around inhibitory neurons and contribute critical periods of brain function synaptic plasticity. However, in some specific regions such as the amygdala, PNNs were predominantly excitatory neurons. These recruited during auditory fear conditioning memory retrieval. Indeed, activation PNN-expressing predicted cognitive performance.

Chronic pain induced by nerve damage due to trauma or invasion of cancer the bone elicits severe ongoing as well hyperalgesia and allodynia likely reflecting adaptive changes within central circuits that amplify nociceptive signals. The present study explored possible contribution mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit in promoting related neuropathic pain. Mice with ligation sciatic treated intrafemoral osteosarcoma cells showed a thermal stimulus applied paw on injured side. Patch clamp...

Protease-mediated signaling is an important modulator of the nervous system. However, identifying specific substrates such proteases limited by rapidity with which intermediate substrate forms are cleaved and released. Here, a screening method to detect noncleaved enzyme-bound was developed used identify novel neuropsin/neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) proteolytic system, specifically localized in microdomain synaptic cleft, mouse hippocampus. The extracellular protease, neuropsin, mature NRG-1...

Abstract Aims/Introduction α‐Glucosidase inhibitors (α GI s) are widely used for the primary treatment of type 2 diabetes. We compared clinical effects three α s (miglitol, acarbose and voglibose) in patients with obese Materials Methods Japanese ( n = 81) diabetes (body mass index [ BMI ] ≥25 kg/m ) were enrolled this multicenter, open‐label study. The participants randomized into miglitol 18), 22), voglibose 19) or control 22) groups. Glycemic (fasting blood glucose glycated hemoglobin...

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that the mesolimbic dopaminergic network plays a role in modulation of pain. As chronic pain conditions are associated with hypodopaminergic tone nucleus accumbens (NAc), we evaluated effects increasing signaling at dopamine D1/D2-expressing neurons NAc model neuropathic induced by partial ligation sciatic nerve. Bilateral microinjection either selective D1-receptor (Gs-coupled) agonist Chloro-APB or D2-receptor (Gi-coupled) quinpirole into partially...

Abstract The hardening of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) ceramics with the addition Ag2O and CuO crystal-orientation behavior KNN CuO-added powders under a high magnetic field were investigated. reduced degree compositional deviation increased their density. Additionally, piezoelectric characteristics improved by Ag2O. functioned as sintering aid for KNN, grain size mechanical quality factor up to approximately 1200. simultaneous (0.01 mol) resulted in 1400 owing synergistic contributions each...

Individuals with schizophrenia are known to demonstrate unique reactions visual illusions, and prior research has indicated a potential link between their increased susceptibility geometric illusions specific symptom profiles. While various illusory experiences have been examined among individuals schizophrenia, responses brightness-related remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how perceive the glare illusion, in which apparent brightness of central region is increased. A...

Facial color is closely linked to the perception of emotion, with reddish tones often associated anger. While previous studies have shown that static facial enhance this perception, it remains unclear whether dynamic changes in further amplify effect. This study investigated how variations influence expression using a judgment task involved morphed stimuli (fearful angry). The participants evaluated expressions under two conditions: faces and colors. Experiment 1 compared red (CIELAB a*+)...

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor, was originally purified from rat stomach. We have previously reported that central administration of ghrelin increases food intake and body weight. To investigate role in hyperphagic response to uncontrolled diabetes, adult male rats were studied 14 days after streptozotocin (STZ) or vehicle. STZ-treated diabetic markedly hyperphagic. This hyperphagia accompanied by hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, reduced plasma...

Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is thought to be particularly important in the acquisition of hippocampus‐associated memory, part because it develops quickly and persists for indefinite periods. Extracellular proteolysis has been hypothesized contribute LTP by modifying adhesive relations synapses thus morphology excitatory synapses. Here we report that neuropsin (NP), an extracellular serine protease, critically involved formation both effect hippocampus‐dependent forms memory. NP‐knockout...

A Miniature cantilever-type ultrasonic motor was fabricated using multilayer piezoelectric ceramics (MLPC) made of (Sr,Ca)2NaNb5O15 (SCNN), a Pb-free material, and the electrical driving properties were investigated. The displacement SCNN-MLPC 177 nm at 100 V, which 10-fold voltage MLPC Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–Pb(Ni,Nb)O3–Pb(Zn,Nb)O3 (PZT). started to rotate 3.8 Vp–p, showed following characteristics: revolution speed Ω0=517 rpm, torque T0=1.4 µN m, an efficiency η=7% 13.4 Vp–p. power consumption, in...

Postsynaptic density (PSD)-95-like membrane-associated guanylate kinases (PSD-MAGUKs) are scaffold proteins in PSDs that cluster signaling molecules near NMDA receptors. PSD-MAGUKs share a common domain structure, including three PDZ (PDZ1/2/3) domains their N-terminus. While multiple enable the to bind various ligands, contribution of each synaptic organization and function is not fully understood. Here, we focused on PDZ1/2 PSD-95 NMDA-type receptors, studied specific roles ligand binding...

Distinguishing mirror from glass is a challenging visual inference, because both materials derive their appearance surroundings, yet we rarely experience difficulties in telling them apart. Very few studies have investigated how the system distinguishes reflections refractions and to date, there no image-computable model that emulates human judgments. Here sought develop deep neural network reproduces patterns of judgments observers make. To do this, trained thousands convolutional networks...

Ultrashort laser pulses having 50 fs duration were used to cause planer fracture, i.e., spallation, in pure aluminum foils at intensities of (0.07–1)×1015 W/cm2. A linear relationship was obtained between spall depth and foil thickness, approximately corresponding the proportions that other relations for 300 ps longer pulse irradiation. Spall thicknesses less than 5 μm thinner μm, revealed small-scale spallation a strain rate exceeding 108 s−1. This ultrashort evidently produced shock wave...

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), was originally purified from rat stomach. Ghrelin specifically releases GH following intravenous administration, and its GH-releasing activity in vivo is dependent on hormone-releasing (GHRH). We previously reported that expression of GHS-R gene pituitary developmentally regulated GHRH infusion increases levels mRNA. mRNA peptide have recently been detected human pituitaries. However, regulation ghrelin...

Ghrelin is a GH-releasing peptide originally purified from the rat stomach. It has been demonstrated that ghrelin expression, within gastroenteric system, regulated by both metabolic and GH milieu. Our laboratory others have previously reported also produced in pituitary. Given receptor for [GH secretagogue (GHS-R)] expressed pituitary, possibility exists locally plays an autocrine/paracrine role regulating release. Because we GHRH infusion increases pituitary levels of mRNA, hypothesized...