A wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) visible light communiction (VLC) system employing red and green laser pointer lasers (LPLs) with directly modulating data signals is proposed experimentally demonstrated. With the assistance of preamplifier adaptive filter at receiving sites, low bit error rate (BER) 10 m/500 Mbps operation obtained for each wavelength. The use offer significant improvements free-space transmission performance. Improved performance BER <10(-9), as well better clear...

An 8 m/9.6 Gbps underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system based on a two-stage injection-locked 405 nm blue light laser diode (LD) transmitter with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulating signal is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, it first one that employs technique to improve transmission performance UWOC systems. With assistance an equalizer at receiver site, acceptable bit...

A 100-Gb/s multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible laser light communication (VLLC) system employing vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulating signals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The transmission capacity of systems significantly increased by space-division-multiplexing scheme. With the aid low-noise amplifier equalizer at receiving site, good bit error rate...

A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) system employing vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and spatial modulators (SLMs) with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulating signal is proposed experimentally demonstrated. The transmission capacity of significantly increased by space-division demultiplexing scheme. With the assistance low noise amplifier (LNA) data comparator, good bit error...

A 16 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system based on 488-nm laser diode (LD) with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques is proposed successfully demonstrated. Experimental results show that such a 1.8-GHz blue LD enough forceful for PAM4 signal link. To the authors' knowledge, this study first to adopt transmitter in UWOC system. By adopting techniques, good bit error rate performance (offline processed by...

A wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) free-space optical (FSO)-underwater wireless communication (UWOC) integrated system with a channel capacity of 100 Gb/s is proposed and attainably demonstrated. Analytic results reveal that 1.8-GHz 405-nm blue-violet-light 1.7-GHz 450-nm blue-light laser diodes (LDs) two-stage light injection optoelectronic feedback techniques are competently adopted for PAM4 signal transmission through 500-m 5-m clear...

A 25-Gbps underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system with a two-stage injection-locked 680-nm red-light vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) transmitter to enhance the frequency response and beam expander expand collimated diameter over 5-m highly turbid harbor water link is proposed practically demonstrated. In link, overall attenuation coefficient at 680 nm smaller than that 520 450 nm, thereby VCSEL adopted in this 5 m/25 Gbps UWOC rather 520-nm green-light diode...

Abstract We have, so far as we know, proposed and demonstrated the first 30 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) underwater wireless laser transmission (UWLT) system with an optical beam reducer/expander over 12.5-m piped channel/2.5-m high-turbidity harbour channel. In links, performances of PAM4 UWLT systems get better reduction given a small amount light absorbed by water. highly turbid expansion large scattered received receiver. The effect water that induces scattering...

Abstract The demands of the technologies future such as autonomous vehicles, Internet Things and mixed reality require communications platforms equipped to handle huge quantities data. Higher frequency communication bands are attractive but have limitations in terms data loss particularly during wireless transmission. Free-space optical (FSO) communication, which transmits signals through free-space by modulating laser light, is one option for better signal delivery. Here we report a...

Coherently injection-locked and directly modulated weak-resonant-cavity laser diode (WRC-FPLD) for back-to-back optical 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) 52-subcarrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission with maximum bit rate up to 4 Gbit/s at carrier of 2.5 GHz is demonstrated. The WRC-FPLD transmitter source a specific design very weak-resonant longitudinal modes preserve its broadband gain spectral characteristics serving as colorless WDM-PON transmitter....

A flexible bidirectional fiber-free-space optical (FSO)fifth-generation (5G) wireless convergent system with 1-Gb/s/4.5-GHzsub-6 GHz and 10-Gb/s/28-GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) (downstream), as well 10-Gb/s/24-GHz MMW (upstream) 5G hybrid data signals is built, employing a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL)-based wavelength selector remotely injection-locked distributed feedback diode (DFB LD) for presentation.It the first to adopt VCSEL-based adaptively provide applications an DFB...

By controlling the output coupling ratio, we demonstrate a novel wavelength-tunable L-band Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with maximum tuning range up to 58 nm (from 1567 1625 nm) by its ratio between 1% and 99%. The EDFL is configured using bi-directionally dual-wavelength pumped EDFA in close-loop an coupler of tunable air-gap inserted FC/PC connector pair. Such exhibits quantum efficiency 42% ultra-high power conversion 37% under optimized pumping scheme, providing small-signal gain ~34...

A wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) communication system of a high-speed hybrid signal is proposed and demonstrated in this study.This study the first to transmit mixed with four wavelengths that are modulated different signals, namely 10, 25, 28, 32 Gb/s, using single beam.Favourable bit error rate (BER) clear eye maps achieved by adopting parameters after investigating bandwidth tuneable bandpass filter, channel spacing, number light effects on performance.The...

A 10 m/25 Gbps light-based WiFi (LiFi) transmission system based on a two-stage injection-locked 680 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) transmitter is proposed. LiFi with data rate of 25 experimentally demonstrated over m free-space link. To the best our knowledge, it first time VCSEL in has been employed. Impressive bit error performance and clear eye diagram are achieved proposed systems. Such provides advantage communication link for higher rates that could accelerate...

A 500-Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) free-space optical (FSO)underwater wireless laser transmission (UWOC) convergent system over 100 m with either 10 piped underwater link or 5 turbid is established, employing a red/green/blue (R/G/B) five-wavelength polarization-multiplexing scheme as demonstration for the first time. Integrating PAM4 scheme, channel capacity of FSOUWOC systems significantly increased an aggregate data rate 500 Gb/s [50 PAM4/wavelength × wavelengths 2...

A bi-directional fiber-free-space optical (FSO)-fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (MMW)/5G new radio (NR) sub-THz convergence with intensity-modulated downlink 40 Gbit/s/100 GHz 5G NR signals ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> - and xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> -polarizations), phase-modulated uplink 10 Gbit/s/28 Gbit/s/24 MMW is established practicably, by adopting a parallel/orthogonally...

Simultaneous transmission of fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (MMW) and sub-THz signals through a fiber-free-space optical (FSO)-5G new radio (NR) converged system is successfully achieved. It an inventive demonstration that utilizes cross medium fiber, wireless, RF wireless to enhance the aggregate rate 60 Gb/s. We transmitted 20 Gb/s in 50-GHz MMW, 100-GHz sub-THz, 150-GHz bands at same time seamless fiber-FSO-5G NR convergence, comprising 20-km single-mode fiber (SMF), 500-m 2-m...

Transmission of sub-terahertz (sub-THz) signals over a fiber-free-space optical (FSO)-fifth-generation (5 G) new radio (NR) hybrid system is successfully realized. It promising that utilizes multiple media fiber, wireless, and 5 G NR wireless to achieve 227.912-Gb/s record-high aggregate net bit rate. The concurrently transmits 59.813-Gb/s rate in the 150-GHz sub-THz frequency, 74.766-Gb/s 250-GHz 93.333-Gb/s 325-GHz frequency through fiber-FSO-wireless convergence, including 25-km...

A 20-Gbps optical light-based WiFi (LiFi) transport system employing vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and external light injection technique with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulating signal is proposed. Good bit error rate (BER) performance clear constellation map are achieved in our proposed LiFi systems. An system, delivering 16-QAM-OFDM over a 6-m free-space link, data of 20 Gbps, successfully demonstrated....

A 50 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system across the water–air–water interface is demonstrated in practice. In practical scenarios, laser beam misalignment due to oceanic turbulence degrades performance UWOC systems. With adoption of a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) with an electrical controller, not only can be arbitrarily adjusted attain scenario, but engineering problems also resolved establish reliable link....

A 448-Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) free-space optical (FSO) communication through 600 m link was constructed, utilizing polarization-multiplexing injection-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for presentation. When uniting four-wavelength and PAM4 schemes, the transmission capacity of FSO communications is substantially multiplied, with an aggregate rate 448 Gb/s [56 PAM4/wavelength × 4 wavelengths 2 polarizations (xand y-polarizations)]. The results...

Fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (MMW)/sub-THz signals over a two-way fiber-wireless system using single-carrier optical modulation for downstream and phase (PM) scheme upstream are proposed implemented the first time. Compared to multi-carrier modulation, in downlink is attractive because it can suppress RF power fading due fiber dispersion interference caused by beating from multiple carriers. Furthermore, compared intensity scheme, PM with remotely injection-locked distributed...

Abstract Fifth-generation (5G) communication provides a substantial increase in data transmission capacity because of more available bandwidth and advanced techniques. It opens the door to range new applications, such as 4K/8K video streaming, Internet Things, autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial more. However, atmospheric attenuation poses technical challenge for 5G communication, especially at higher frequencies. Free-space optics (FSO)-based interface between fibre integrates optics, FSO...

A large effective area fiber (LEAF)-free-space optical (FSO)-wireless integrated system employing distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD) with multiple side modes injection locking is proposed and implemented for the first time. To provide a novel method frequency comb generation, DFB LD injection-locked in different modes. System employs millimeter-wave (MMW), sub-terahertz (THz), THz frequencies transmitting 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals 13-, 16-, 20-, 25-Gbaud baud...