Hybrid optical access networks, integrating fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems that share a single distributed infrastructure, are promising for future multiservice networks. The primary concern is to enable RoF FTTH transmit both radio-frequency (RF) baseband (BB) signals on wavelength over fiber. This study experimentally demonstrates simultaneous generation transmission of wired-line BB signal wireless RF wavelength, using one external modulator. hybrid...

This letter demonstrates a novel method to generate high-purity optical millimeter-wave signals with carrier suppression by using frequency quadrupling technique. To the authors' knowledge, this is first time that system requires only single integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator without narrowband filter remove undesired sidebands. Since no needed, fast tuning straightforward and approach will be particularly attractive for up-conversion in wavelength-division-multiplexing radio-over-fiber...

This work demonstrates the feasibility of optical millimeter-wave signal generation using frequency 12-tupling. Optical with two sixth-order sidebands are generated quadrupling along four-wave-mixing. 210- and 120-GHz two-tone signals carrier undesired harmonic distortion suppression ratios 20 30 dB experimentally demonstrated. The proposed system provides an attractive method for applications such as up-conversion in radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication systems at band, phase-array...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <?Pub Dtl=""?>Generation of optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal using a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) based on double-sideband (DSB), single-sideband (SSB), and with carrier suppression (DSBCS) modulation schemes have been demonstrated for various applications, such as broadband wireless signals or up-conversion wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) radio-over-fiber (RoF) network, wideband...

In this article, we are the first to propose deep learning algorithms for intensity wavelength division multiplexing (IWDM)-based self-healing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network. A algorithm is proposed improve accuracy of measuring sensing signal system. Furthermore, increase total number FBG sensors multiplexed in network multipoint measurements, a technique called IWDM proposed. The IWDM-based ring structure can also have purpose system's reliability and survivability. However, has...

This paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing an integration technology free-space optics (FSO) satellite communications for open radio access network (O-RAN) system while simultaneously transmitting fiber-optic sensing signals over same FSO link. The achievement O-RAN is to improve flexibility, openness, cost-effectiveness current next-generation wireless networks. Compared with wave-based communication, optical communication (OWC), such as FSO, has many advantages,...

This work proposes a cost-effective, continuously tunable and filterless optical millimeter-wave (MMW) signal generation employing frequency octupling. Optical MMW signals with 30-dB undesired sideband suppression ratios can be obtained. Since no filtering is required, the proposed system readily implemented in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. V-band 60-GHz W-band 80-GHz are experimentally demonstrated. Because of high ratio, waveform 50% duty cycle observed. The...

Coherently injection-locked and directly modulated weak-resonant-cavity laser diode (WRC-FPLD) for back-to-back optical 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) 52-subcarrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission with maximum bit rate up to 4 Gbit/s at carrier of 2.5 GHz is demonstrated. The WRC-FPLD transmitter source a specific design very weak-resonant longitudinal modes preserve its broadband gain spectral characteristics serving as colorless WDM-PON transmitter....

We propose and experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a system which integrates millimeter-wave (MMW) free-space-optics (FSO) analog radio-over-fiber (A-RoF) channels, provides enhanced reliability in 5G beyond mobile fronthaul (MFH) links. The integrated utilizes novel coordinated mapping combining (CMC) technique that senses signal quality each data block apportions load accordingly. Furthermore, takes advantage of abundant bandwidth both MMW FSO links is compatible with...

This article proposes a novel integration of bidirectional free-space optics (FSO) and fiber-based fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) sensor structure for long-distance sensing signal transmission system. The proposed FSO technique is crucial to address concerns topographical limitations that make cable installation complex. According experiments, as compared the scheme with unidirectional channel achieved higher output power clear reflected spectra FBGS after 50 kilometers SMF transmission....

We propose a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system using linear-cavity laser scheme with distributed Raman amplifier as gain medium. The inhomogeneous broadening property of the is used for multiwavelength operation. experiment shows that such can provide stable output an optical signal-to-noise ratio over 50 dB even if FBG located at 25-km remote sensing position. feature our proposed facilitate long-distance or large-scale and be easily extended multipoint applications.

In this paper, for an intensity wavelength division multiplexing (IWDM)-based multipoint fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network, effective strain sensing signal measurement method, called a long short-term memory (LSTM) machine learning algorithm, integrated with data de-noising techniques is proposed. These are considered extremely accurate the prediction of very complex problems. Four ports optical coupler distinct output power ratios 70%, 60%, 40%, and 30% have been used in proposed...

Internet of Things (IoT) is enabled by the integration communication and sensor systems that are used to collect important information from objects around world. In this article, we proposed laser-based optical wireless (OWC) with a fiber system for IoT applications. OWC can be utilized in harsh environment send receive signals means. Moreover, sensors achieve real-time, accurate, smart monitoring As compared mechanical electrical sensors, have numerous benefits, including tolerance...

This research investigates the integration of free-space optics (FSO) with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in self-healing ring architectures, aiming to improve reliability and signal-to-noise ratio temperature sensing within sensor systems. The combination FSO’s wireless connectivity FBG sensors’ precision, known for their sensitivity immunity electromagnetic interference, is particularly advantageous demanding environments such as aerospace structural health monitoring. architecture...

This study presents the liquid crystal Fabry–Pérot etalon (LC-FP) as preferred laser wavelength tuning solution within a erbium-doped fiber ring architecture. The cavity can be adjusted by applying varying voltages to LC-FP. Furthermore, facilitated modifying incident light through changes in steering angle of LC-FP, which is attributed angular dispersion characteristics device. operational range for LC-FP ± 4 18 degrees. architectural framework adept at facilitating generation...

Conceptually, this paper aims to help reduce the communication blind spots originating from design of millimeter-wave (mmW) beamforming by deploying radio units an open access network (O-RAN) with free-space optics (FSOs) as backhaul and fiber-optic link fronthaul. At frequencies exceeding 24 GHz, transmission reach 5G/6G is limited a few hundred meters, periphery area sector operational range introduces spot. Using FSOs fronthaul, O-RAN empowers unit extend over greater distances supplement...

In the context of significant climate change, monitoring inclination, water levels, and temperatures in public buildings surrounding environments is sensible. This paper presents a pair fiber Bragg grating (FBG) subsidence sensor systems designed to simultaneously measure tilt levels explore system’s potential detect temperature variations. The configuration FBG intentionally skewed enhance measurement sensitivity. system capable concurrently detecting 0.5 cm variation level 0.424° change...

We experimentally demonstrate a simultaneous generation of baseband (BB) and RF signals, using only one single-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (SD-MZM) based on double-sideband with optical carrier suppression (DSBCS) scheme. With optimal modulation index (MI =V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-p</sub> /2V xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pi</sub> ) equal to 0.43 for driving MZM, the receiver sensitivity signal can...

We propose an intensity and wavelength-division multiplexing (IWDM) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system using a tunable multiport ring laser. The different output powers of laser are used to address the information reflected from sensing FBGs, even if wavelengths FBGs connected at ports identical. describe operation principle experimentally demonstrate three-port sensor. For IWDM technique, our proposed can enhance capacity, signal-to-noise ratio, resolution.

This investigation demonstrates the generation of OFDM-RoF signal using frequency doubling technique for first time, to author's best knowledge. The 4-Gb/s OFDM 16-QAM format modulated on each subcarrier at a center 19GHz is experimentally demonstrated. Benchmarked against OOK format, has higher spectral efficiency with sensitivity penalty less than 2.6 dB. After transmission over 50-km single mode fiber, power penalties RF and signals are 0.5

A 20-Gbps optical light-based WiFi (LiFi) transport system employing vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and external light injection technique with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulating signal is proposed. Good bit error rate (BER) performance clear constellation map are achieved in our proposed LiFi systems. An system, delivering 16-QAM-OFDM over a 6-m free-space link, data of 20 Gbps, successfully demonstrated....

For the first time, we experimentally demonstrate a 400-Gb/s [4×100-Gb/s wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)] pulse-amplitude-modulation-4 (PAM-4) transmission based on free space optics (FSO) utilizing polarization modulation (PolM) and direct detection (DD) scheme. Each WDM channel comprises modulator, polarizing beam splitter (PBS), two photodetectors (PDs). Four wavelengths each carrying 100-Gb/s PAM-4 signal (aggregate 400 Gb/s) are transmitted over space. At receiver side, PBS...